Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kussaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *kw(e)s- (“to kiss”), which appears to be onomatopoeic. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (ku̯aššzi ~ ku̯aššanzi, “idem”), Ancient Greek κυνέω (kunéō, “idem”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈkus.sɑz/

    Noun

    *kussaz m

    1. kiss

    Inflection

    Declension of *kussaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *kussaz *kussōz, *kussōs
    vocative *kuss *kussōz, *kussōs
    accusative *kussą *kussanz
    genitive *kussas, *kussis *kussǫ̂
    dative *kussai *kussamaz
    instrumental *kussō *kussamiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    Most modern descendants have reanalysed this word based on the verb, and therefore show a front vowel. Those with a back vowel are more conservative.

    • Proto-West Germanic: *koss
      • Old English: coss, cos, *cus
        • Middle English: cos, cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse
          • English: kiss
          • Scots: kis
          • Yola: kesse
      • Old Frisian: koss, kos
      • Old Saxon: kus, kuss, koss, kos
      • Old Dutch: *cus, *cos
      • Old High German: kus
    • Old Norse: koss
      • Icelandic: koss
      • Faroese: kossur
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: kyss; (dialectal) kjøss, kjuss
      • Old Swedish: kus, kos
      • Old Danish:

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kussjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313: “*kussa-”
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