Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Mayrhofer appears to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“to force, drive”); see Sanskrit जू (jū, “to press forward”) for more.[1]

    Other theories connect the verb to Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scrape”) or Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to turn, bend”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what are some potential cognates in these latter cases?”)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *karjaną

    1. to scratch, scrape
    2. to sweep

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of *karjaną (weak class 1)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *karjō *karjaų — *karjai ?
    2nd singular *karisi *karjais *kari *karjasai *karjaisau
    3rd singular *kariþi *karjai *karjaþau *karjaþai *karjaiþau
    1st dual *karjōs *karjaiw — — —
    2nd dual *karjaþiz *karjaiþiz *karjaþiz — —
    1st plural *karjamaz *karjaim — *karjanþai *karjainþau
    2nd plural *kariþ *karjaiþ *kariþ *karjanþai *karjainþau
    3rd plural *karjanþi *karjain *karjanþau *karjanþai *karjainþau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *karidǭ *karidēdį̄
    2nd singular *karidēz *karidēdīz
    3rd singular *karidē *karidēdī
    1st dual *karidēdū *karidēdīw
    2nd dual *karidēdudiz *karidēdīdiz
    1st plural *karidēdum *karidēdīm
    2nd plural *karidēdud *karidēdīd
    3rd plural *karidēdun *karidēdīn
    present past
    participles *karjandz *karidaz

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *karō (“scrapings, shavings, litter, debris”)
    • *karstaz

    Descendants

    • Old Saxon: kerian, keren
    • Old Dutch: *keren, *kerren
    • Old High German: kerien, kerren, cherjen, cherren

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “JAVᴵ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 580-1
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