Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwistlōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic root *hwis- (“to hiss”), from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”), and compared with *hwīnaną (“to whiz, whine”), Latin quiritō (“scream, screech, shriek, squall”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) However, it appears more likely that *hwis- and its derivatives are onomatopoeic innovations within Germanic.[1] Note similarities to Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to puff, sigh”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷist.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwistlōną[1]

  1. to whistle, hiss

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwistlōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwistlō *hwistlǭ — *hwistlōi ?
2nd singular *hwistlōsi *hwistlōs *hwistlō *hwistlōsai *hwistlōsau
3rd singular *hwistlōþi *hwistlō *hwistlōþau *hwistlōþai *hwistlōþau
1st dual *hwistlōs *hwistlōw — — —
2nd dual *hwistlōþiz *hwistlōþiz *hwistlōþiz — —
1st plural *hwistlōmaz *hwistlōm — *hwistlōnþai *hwistlōnþau
2nd plural *hwistlōþ *hwistlōþ *hwistlōþ *hwistlōnþai *hwistlōnþau
3rd plural *hwistlōnþi *hwistlōn *hwistlōnþau *hwistlōnþai *hwistlōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwistlōdǭ *hwistlōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hwistlōdēz *hwistlōdēdīz
3rd singular *hwistlōdē *hwistlōdēdī
1st dual *hwistlōdēdū *hwistlōdēdīw
2nd dual *hwistlōdēdudiz *hwistlōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hwistlōdēdum *hwistlōdēdīm
2nd plural *hwistlōdēdud *hwistlōdēdīd
3rd plural *hwistlōdēdun *hwistlōdēdīn
present past
participles *hwistlōndz *hwistlōdaz

Descendants

  • Old English: hwistlian
  • Old Dutch: *wistalon
    • Middle Dutch: *wistelen
      • Dutch: wistelen
  • Old Norse: hvísla
    • Icelandic: hvísla
    • Norwegian: hvisle
    • Old Swedish: hvīsla, hvizsla
    • Old Danish: hwīslæ
      • Danish: hvisle
    • Elfdalian: wissla
    • Scanian: hvysla

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xwistlōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
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