Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    The pre-Germanic root form *klewd- seems unattested outside Germanic, but it is likely an extension of the same Proto-Indo-European root *klewH- (“lot, fate”) as seen in Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to stick, hang on”) and Latvian kļũt (“to become, succeed”), especially in view of Latvian kļũtas (“fate”).[1][2]

    Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klēh₂w- (“to shut, close, lock; to check, hamper, hem in”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *hleutaną[1][2]

    1. to cast lots
    2. to be alotted
    3. to obtain by lot, to beget, to acquire

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *hleutaną (strong class 2)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *hleutō *hleutaų — *hleutai ?
    2nd singular *hliutizi *hleutaiz *hleut *hleutazai *hleutaizau
    3rd singular *hliutidi *hleutai *hleutadau *hleutadai *hleutaidau
    1st dual *hleutōz *hleutaiw — — —
    2nd dual *hleutadiz *hleutaidiz *hleutadiz — —
    1st plural *hleutamaz *hleutaim — *hleutandai *hleutaindau
    2nd plural *hliutid *hleutaid *hliutid *hleutandai *hleutaindau
    3rd plural *hleutandi *hleutain *hleutandau *hleutandai *hleutaindau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *hlaut *hlutį̄
    2nd singular *hlaust *hlutīz
    3rd singular *hlaut *hlutī
    1st dual *hlutū *hlutīw
    2nd dual *hlutudiz *hlutīdiz
    1st plural *hlutum *hlutīm
    2nd plural *hlutud *hlutīd
    3rd plural *hlutun *hlutīn
    present past
    participles *hleutandz *hlutanaz

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    • *hlutjô

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *hleutan
      • Old English: hlēotan
      • Old Saxon: hliotan
      • Old High German: hliozan, liozan
    • Old Norse: hljóta
    • →? Proto-Finnic: *leütädäk

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hleutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
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