Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.mɔːː/

Etymology 1

    Uncertain; possibly from unattested strong verb *hamaną +‎ *-ô, perhaps cognate with Sanskrit शामूल (śāmūla, “woolen shirt”), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover?”).[1] Hyllested instead suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *haamoi.[2]

    Noun

    *hamô m[1]

    1. shape, physical form
    2. wrapping, binding
    3. skin, flesh
    4. garment, clothing
    Inflection
    Declension of *hamô (masculine an-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *hamô *hamaniz
    vocative *hamô *hamaniz
    accusative *hamanų *hamanunz
    genitive *haminiz *hamanǫ̂
    dative *hamini *hamammaz
    instrumental *haminē *hamammiz
    Alternative reconstructions
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
      • Old English: hama, homa
        • Middle English: hame, haum
          • English: hame, heam
      • Old Frisian: *hama, *homa
        • North Frisian: hame
        • Saterland Frisian: Hoom
        • West Frisian: haam
      • Old Saxon: *hamo
      • Old Dutch: *hamo
      • Old High German: *hamo
        • Middle High German: hame, ham
          • German: Hame, Hamen, Ham (dialectal)
          • → Hungarian: hám (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Norse: *hami, *hamʀ, hamr

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-o-, from *ḱem- (“to restrain; shaft, collar”). Cognate with Sanskrit शम्या (śámyā, “yoke pin, plug, wedge”), Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬨𐬁 (simā, “yoke pin”), Ancient Greek κάμαξ (kámax, “pole, bar, shaft”), Old Armenian սամիք (samikʻ, “facewoods of a yoke”).[3]

      Noun

      *hamô m[3]

      1. (West Germanic) rod, shaft
      Inflection
      Declension of *hamô (masculine an-stem)
      singular plural
      nominative *hamô *hamaniz
      vocative *hamô *hamaniz
      accusative *hamanų *hamanunz
      genitive *haminiz *hamanǫ̂
      dative *hamini *hamammaz
      instrumental *haminē *hamammiz
      Descendants
      • Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
        • Old English:
          • Middle English:
            • English: hame (“horse collar”)
        • Old Dutch:
          • Middle Dutch: hame, haem (“horse collar”)
            • Dutch: haam (“horse collar”)
        • Old High German: *hamo
          • Middle High German: hame (“fishing rod”)

      References

      1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hama(n)- m. 'shape, physical form'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
      2. ^ Hyllested, Adam (2014), Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (PhD. dissertation)‎[2], Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, pages 101–103
      3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*haman- m. 'rod, shaft'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
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