Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gunþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From post-Proto-Indo-European / pre-Proto-Germanic *gʷʰn̥tis → *gʷʰuntis → *gʰuntis (with the u causing delabialization of the labial, and hence Germanic *g- rather than *b- as in the other descendants of *gʷʰen- and of *gʷʰ- more generally), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéntis (“act of killing, blow”), from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣun.θiz/

Noun

*gunþiz f^[1]

battle
Synonyms: *badwō, *haþuz, *hildiz, *wīgą

Declension

Declension of *gunþiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gunþiz	*gunþīz
vocative	*gunþi	*gunþīz
accusative	*gunþį	*gunþinz
genitive	*gunþīz	*gunþijǫ̂
dative	*gunþī	*gunþimaz
instrumental	*gunþī	*gunþimiz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

In addition to these regular words, the word also survives in many personal names such as Gunnar and the Spanish name Gonzalo.

Proto-West Germanic: *gunþi
- Old English: gūþ
  - Middle English: gūth
- Old Dutch: *gunth- (in compounds)
- Old Saxon: *gūth-
- Old High German: gunda, gudea (genitive) (Hildebrandslied)
Old Norse: guðr, gunnr
- Icelandic: guður, gunnur
- Norwegian: gunn (name element)
- ⇒ Old Norse: Guðr, Gunnr, Guðr (name of a Valkyrie)
  - Icelandic: Gunnur
  - Faroese: Gunn
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: Gunn
  - Swedish: Gun, Gunn
  - → Middle English: Gunn
    - Scots: Gunn
    - English: Gunn
  - → Old French: Gunnor
Vandalic: *gunþ/*gunðV-

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gunþī- ~ *gunþjō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gunþī- ~ *gunþjō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196

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