Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”), as well as perhaps Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath, air”).[1]
Verb
*fukkōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau | |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | ||||
Related terms
- *faukijaną
- *feukaną/*fūkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
- Old Dutch: *fokkon
- Middle Dutch: vocken
- Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
- Middle High German: fochen
- Old Dutch: *fokkon
- Old Norse: *fokka
Etymology 2
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Verb
*fukkōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau | |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fukkōn
- Old English: *fuccian
- Old Frisian: *fokkia
- West Frisian: fokje
- Old Dutch: *fokkon, *fukkon
- Old High German: *fuhhōn
- ⇒? Old High German: fitafuhhōn, fitafuchōn (“to lust for, seek fornication, beg for prostitution”) (with uncertain initial component; possibly related to fitnessi (“pimping, match-making, tempting flattery, wantonness”))
- Old Norse: *fukka
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fuk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158