Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baidijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoydʰéyeti (“to make trust”). By surface analysis, *bīdaną (“to wait”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbɑi̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *baidijaną[1][2]

    1. to force, compel, demand
    2. to constrain, cause to stay

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *baidijaną (weak class 1)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *baidijō *baidijaų — *baidijai ?
    2nd singular *baidīsi *baidijais *baidī *baidijasai *baidijaisau
    3rd singular *baidīþi *baidijai *baidijaþau *baidijaþai *baidijaiþau
    1st dual *baidijōs *baidijaiw — — —
    2nd dual *baidijaþiz *baidijaiþiz *baidijaþiz — —
    1st plural *baidijamaz *baidijaim — *baidijanþai *baidijainþau
    2nd plural *baidīþ *baidijaiþ *baidīþ *baidijanþai *baidijainþau
    3rd plural *baidijanþi *baidijain *baidijanþau *baidijanþai *baidijainþau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *baididǭ *baididēdį̄
    2nd singular *baididēz *baididēdīz
    3rd singular *baididē *baididēdī
    1st dual *baididēdū *baididēdīw
    2nd dual *baididēdudiz *baididēdīdiz
    1st plural *baididēdum *baididēdīm
    2nd plural *baididēdud *baididēdīd
    3rd plural *baididēdun *baididēdīn
    present past
    participles *baidijandz *baididaz

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *baidijan
      • Old English: bǣdan
      • Old Saxon: bēdian
      • Old Dutch: beiden
      • Old High German: beiten
    • Old Norse: beiða
      • Icelandic: beiða
      • Faroese: beiða
      • Old Swedish: bēþa
        • ⇒ Old Swedish: bēþas (from passive)
          • Swedish: bedas
    • Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan)
    • → Proto-Finnic:

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*baidjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47
    2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*baiđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32
    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.