Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aþalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *aþalą (“nature; nobility”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.θɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*aþalaz^[1]

noble
Synonym: *aþulijaz

Inflection

Declension of *aþalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aþalaz	*aþalō	*aþalą, -atō	*aþalai	*aþalôz	*aþalō
accusative	*aþalanǭ	*aþalǭ	*aþalą, -atō	*aþalanz	*aþalōz	*aþalō
genitive	*aþalas, -is	*aþalaizōz	*aþalas, -is	*aþalaizǫ̂	*aþalaizǫ̂	*aþalaizǫ̂
dative	*aþalammai	*aþalaizōi	*aþalammai	*aþalaimaz	*aþalaimaz	*aþalaimaz
instrumental	*aþalanō	*aþalaizō	*aþalanō	*aþalaimiz	*aþalaimiz	*aþalaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aþalô	*aþalǭ	*aþalô	*aþalaniz	*aþalōniz	*aþalōnō
accusative	*aþalanų	*aþalōnų	*aþalô	*aþalanunz	*aþalōnunz	*aþalōnō
genitive	*aþaliniz	*aþalōniz	*aþaliniz	*aþalanǫ̂	*aþalōnǫ̂	*aþalanǫ̂
dative	*aþalini	*aþalōni	*aþalini	*aþalammaz	*aþalōmaz	*aþalammaz
instrumental	*aþalinē	*aþalōnē	*aþalinē	*aþalammiz	*aþalōmiz	*aþalammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *aþal
- Old Frisian: *athel, *ethel
  - Saterland Frisian: Oadel
  - West Frisian: adel
- Old Saxon: *athal
  - Middle Low German: adel, adele, addel
    - Low German: Adel
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: iadel
    - → Norwegian: adel^[2]
    - → Swedish: adel^[2]
      - → Finnish: aateli^[2]
- Old Dutch: *athal
  - Middle Dutch: adel
    - Dutch: adel
      - Afrikaans: adel
      - → Estonian: aadel^[3]
      - → Javanese: adhel
      - → Papiamentu: adel
- Old High German: adal
  - Middle High German: adel
    - German: Adel
      - → Estonian: aadel
    - Yiddish: אַדל (adl)
Old Norse: aðall
- Icelandic: aðall
  - ⇒ Icelandic: aðal-
- Faroese: aðal
- Old Swedish: aþal, aþul, aþol, aþel, aþil
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: aþal-, aþel-
    - Swedish: adal-, adel-
    - ⇒ Old Swedish: aþalrūna, aþulrūna
      - Swedish: adalruna

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*aþal(j)a-”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 27
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[2] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[3] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172