Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-unz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-European *-ums (u-stem accusative plural), from *-us (u-stem suffix) +‎ *-ms (accusative plural suffix); compare Old Church Slavonic -ꙑ (-y), Ancient Greek -ῡς (-ūs) (dialectal -ῠνς (-ŭns)), Latin -ūs, Lithuanian -us, and Sanskrit -ऊन् (-ūn).

    Suffix

    *-unz[1][2]

    1. Forms the accusative plural of masculine/feminine u-stem nouns.
      ‎*sunuz (“son”) + ‎*-unz → ‎*sununz (“sons”)
    Descendants
    • Proto-West Germanic: *-ū
      • >? Old English: -u (possibly in bordwudu (“shields”), duru (“doors”))
      • >? Old High German: -u (possibly in situ (“habits”))
    • Old Norse: -u
      • Icelandic: -u (archaic)
    • Gothic: -𐌿𐌽𐍃 (-uns)
    References
    1. ^ Fulk, R[obert] D. (September 2018), “Nouns”, in A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages (Studies in Germanic Linguistics; 3)‎[1], Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, § 7.25, pages 164-165.
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272

    Etymology 2

      From the bare Proto-Indo-European accusative plural suffix *-m̥s; compare Ancient Greek -ᾰς (-ăs), Latin -ēs, and Sanskrit -अः (-aḥ).

      Suffix

      *-unz[1][2]

      1. Forms the accusative plural of masculine/feminine consonant stem nouns.
        ‎*gans (“goose”) + ‎*-unz → ‎*gansunz (“geese”)
      Reconstruction notes
      • Although this form is not reflected in any attested Germanic language (having been supplanted by the nominative/vocative plural *-iz), it likely survived into Proto-Germanic as the identity of the consonant stem and u-stem accusative singular ending *-ų would have formed an insufficient basis for the transfer of Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fōtus) and 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus) into the u-stems.[3]
      References
      1. ^ Fulk, R[obert] D. (September 2018), “Nouns”, in A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages (Studies in Germanic Linguistics; 3)‎[3], Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, § 7.28, page 167.
      2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[4], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 86
      3. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 376
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