Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ǫ̂

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending). Compare Old Church Slavonic -ъ (-ŭ), Ancient Greek -ῶν (-ôn), Old Latin -om, Lithuanian -ų̃, and Vedic Sanskrit -आन् (-ān).

Suffix

*-ǫ̂

  1. Forms the genitive plurals of a-stem, ō-stem, r-stem, and consonant stem nouns.
    ‎*stainaz (“stone”) + ‎*-ǫ̂ → ‎*stainǫ̂ (“stones', of stones”)
  2. When combined with a stem, forms the genitive plurals of various other noun classes.
    ‎*-iz- (z-stem formative) + ‎*-ǫ̂ → ‎*-izǫ̂ (z-stem genitive plural suffix)

Derived terms

  • *-anǫ̂/*-nǫ̂ (*-īnǫ̂/*-ōnǫ̂)
  • *-ijǫ̂/*-jǫ̂
  • *-iwǫ̂
  • *-izǫ̂

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ō
    • Old English: -a
      • Middle English: -e
    • Old Frisian: -a
    • Old Saxon: -o
      • Middle Low German: -e
    • Old Dutch: -o
      • Middle Dutch: -e
    • Old High German: -o
      • Middle High German: -e
        • German: -e
  • Old Norse: -a
    • Icelandic: -a
    • Faroese: -a
    • Middle Norwegian: -a, -æ, -e
    • Old Swedish: -a
    • Old Gutnish: -a
    • Old Danish: -æ, -e
  • Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)
  • >? Gothic: -𐌴 (-ē) (probably an analogical formation)

References

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