Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōstaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    See *-istaz.

    This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɔːs.tɑz/

    Suffix

    *-ōstaz (comparative *-ōzô)

    1. -est. Forms the superlative of certain adjectives.

    Usage notes

    This suffix was only used for regular a-stem adjectives, which sometimes used this suffix, but sometimes the related suffix *-istaz without any predictable rule. This suffix was never used for i-, u- and ja-stem adjectives.

    Inflection

    Declension of *-ōstaz (a-stem)
    Strong declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ōstaz *-ōstō *-ōstą, -atō *-ōstai *-ōstôz *-ōstō
    accusative *-ōstanǭ *-ōstǭ *-ōstą, -atō *-ōstanz *-ōstōz *-ōstō
    genitive *-ōstas, -is *-ōstaizōz *-ōstas, -is *-ōstaizǫ̂ *-ōstaizǫ̂ *-ōstaizǫ̂
    dative *-ōstammai *-ōstaizōi *-ōstammai *-ōstaimaz *-ōstaimaz *-ōstaimaz
    instrumental *-ōstanō *-ōstaizō *-ōstanō *-ōstaimiz *-ōstaimiz *-ōstaimiz
    Weak declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ōstô *-ōstǭ *-ōstô *-ōstaniz *-ōstōniz *-ōstōnō
    accusative *-ōstanų *-ōstōnų *-ōstô *-ōstanunz *-ōstōnunz *-ōstōnō
    genitive *-ōstiniz *-ōstōniz *-ōstiniz *-ōstanǫ̂ *-ōstōnǫ̂ *-ōstanǫ̂
    dative *-ōstini *-ōstōni *-ōstini *-ōstammaz *-ōstōmaz *-ōstammaz
    instrumental *-ōstinē *-ōstōnē *-ōstinē *-ōstammiz *-ōstōmiz *-ōstammiz

    Derived terms

    Proto-Germanic superlative adjectives

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *-ōst
      • Old English: -ost
        • Middle English: -est
          • English: -est
          • Scots: -est
      • Old Frisian: -ost
        • West Frisian: -st
      • Old Saxon: -ost
      • Old Dutch: -ost
      • Old High German: -ost
    • Proto-Norse: *-ᛟᛊᛏᚨᛉ (*-ostaʀ /⁠ōstaʀ⁠/)
      • Old Norse: -astr
        • Icelandic: -astur
        • Faroese: -astur
        • Norwegian: -est
        • Old Swedish: -aster
        • Danish: -est
    • Gothic: -𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍃 (-ōsts)
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