Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōi

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ey (eh₂-stem dative singular), from *-eh₂ (eh₂-stem suffix) +‎ *-ey (dative singular suffix).

Suffix

*-ōi

Forms the dative singulars of ō-stem nouns.
‎*gebō (“gift”) + ‎*-ōi → ‎*gebōi (“to the gift”)

Alternative reconstructions

*-ôi

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *-ē
- Old English: -e (early -æ)
  - Middle English: -e
- Old Frisian: -e
- Old Saxon: -e
  - Middle Low German: -e
    - German Low German: -e
- Old Dutch: -e
  - Middle Dutch: -e
    - Dutch: -e (archaic or fossilized)
- Old High German: -e
  - Middle High German: -e
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: -e
    - German: -e (archaic or fossilized)
    - East Central German: -e
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Hessian: -e (Northern)
>? Old Norse: -u
- Icelandic: -u
- Middle Norwegian: -u, -o
- Old Swedish: -o
Gothic: -𐌰𐌹 (-ai)

References

Fulk, R[obert] D. (September 2018), chapter 7.8, in A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages (Studies in Germanic Linguistics; 3)‎^[1], Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, § 147.
Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 61: “PGmc ō-stem dat. sg. *-ō̄i, e.g. in *gebō̄i ‘for a gift’ (Goth. gibai) > PWGmc *gebē > OE ġiefe, OF jeve (the OS and OHG forms reflect the PGmc instrumental).”