Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/valmis

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared with Erzya вальмамс (vaľmams, “to expire, die, perish; to pass out (of a fire)”), but such comparisons have not gained wide acceptance. Alternatively, from Germanic (e.g. Proto-Germanic *walmiz (“roiling, seething”)), through a semantic shift like “roiling” → “boiled, cooked” → “ready (to eat)”, but this appears unlikely^[1] (however, it should be noted that most Finnic adjectives ending in *-is are borrowed from Germanic).

Adjective

*valmis^[2]

finished, completed
ready

Inflection

Inflection of *valmis

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*valmis	*valmihët
accusative	*valmihën	*valmihët
genitive	*valmihën	valmistën valmihidën
partitive	*valmista	*valmihita
inessive	valmihëssa valmihëhna	valmihissa valmihihna
elative	*valmihësta	*valmihista
illative	*valmihësën	*valmihisën
adessive	*valmihëlla	*valmihilla
ablative	*valmihëlta	*valmihilta
allative	valmihëlën valmihëlëk	valmihilën valmihilëk
essive	*valmissa	*valmihina
translative	*valmihëksi	*valmihiksi
instructive	*valmihën	*valmihin
comitative	*valmissëk	*valmihinëk
abessive	*valmihëtta	*valmihitta

Derived terms

*valmistadak

Descendants

Estonian: valmis
Finnish: valmis
Ingrian: valmis
Karelian: valmis
Livonian: vaļmõz
Livvi: valmiš
Ludian: valmiž
Veps: vaumiž
Võro: valmis
Votic: valmiz

References

^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*valmis”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)