Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

    Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrūgǭ (whence Icelandic hrúga).

    Noun

    *ruka[1]

    1. haycock
      Synonym: *saatto
    Inflection
    Inflection of *ruka
    Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
    singular plural
    nominative *ruka *rugat
    accusative *rugan *rugat
    genitive *rugan *rukadën
    *rukëidën
    partitive *rukada *rukëida
    inessive *rugassa
    *rugahna     		*rugëissa
    *rugëihna
    elative *rugasta *rugëista
    illative *rukahën *rukëihën
    adessive *rugalla *rugëilla
    ablative *rugalta *rugëilta
    allative *rukalën
    *rukalëk     		*rukëilën
    *rukëilëk
    essive *rukana *rukëina
    translative *rugaksi *rugëiksi
    instructive *rugan *rugëin
    comitative *rukanëk *rukëinëk
    abessive *rugatta *rugëitta
    Descendants

    From *ruka:

    • Estonian: (dialectal) ruga
    • Võro: ruga

    From *ruko (with *-o):

    • Finnish: ruko
      • → Northern Sami: ruhku
    • Karelian:
      • North Karelian: ruko
      • South Karelian: rugo

    Etymology 2

      Unknown.

      Noun

      *ruka (Northern Finnic)

      1. hardened resin
      Inflection
      Inflection of *ruka
      Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
      singular plural
      nominative *ruka *rugat
      accusative *rugan *rugat
      genitive *rugan *rukadën
      *rukëidën
      partitive *rukada *rukëida
      inessive *rugassa
      *rugahna       		*rugëissa
      *rugëihna
      elative *rugasta *rugëista
      illative *rukahën *rukëihën
      adessive *rugalla *rugëilla
      ablative *rugalta *rugëilta
      allative *rukalën
      *rukalëk       		*rukëilën
      *rukëilëk
      essive *rukana *rukëina
      translative *rugaksi *rugëiksi
      instructive *rugan *rugëin
      comitative *rukanëk *rukëinëk
      abessive *rugatta *rugëitta
      Descendants

      Further reading

      • “ruga”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
      • Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “ruka”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

      References

      1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*ruka”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)
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