Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rapëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

    Unclear. Possibly from the same root as *rabistak, or alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian trapus) +‎ *-ëda.

    Adjective

    *rapëda[1]

    1. brittle, crumbly
    Inflection
    Inflection of *rapëda
    Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
    singular plural
    nominative *rapëda *rapëdat
    accusative *rapëdan *rapëdat
    genitive *rapëdan *rapëdadën
    *rapëdëidën
    partitive *rapëdata *rapëdëita
    inessive *rapëdassa
    *rapëdahna     		*rapëdëissa
    *rapëdëihna
    elative *rapëdasta *rapëdëista
    illative *rapëdasën *rapëdëisën
    adessive *rapëdalla *rapëdëilla
    ablative *rapëdalta *rapëdëilta
    allative *rapëdalën
    *rapëdalëk     		*rapëdëilën
    *rapëdëilëk
    essive *rapëdana *rapëdëina
    translative *rapëdaksi *rapëdëiksi
    instructive *rapëdan *rapëdëin
    comitative *rapëdanëk *rapëdëinëk
    abessive *rapëdatta *rapëdëitta
    Descendants
    • Estonian: rabe
    • Finnish: rapea
    • Ingrian: rappia
    • Karelian:
      • North Karelian: rapie
    • Livonian: ra’bdõ
    • Veps: rabed
    • Võro: rapõ
    • Votic: rappia

    Etymology 2

      Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *frawaz and nativized with +‎ *-ëda.

      Adjective

      *rapëda[2]

      1. brisk, fast
      Inflection
      Inflection of *rapëda
      Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
      singular plural
      nominative *rapëda *rapëdat
      accusative *rapëdan *rapëdat
      genitive *rapëdan *rapëdadën
      *rapëdëidën
      partitive *rapëdata *rapëdëita
      inessive *rapëdassa
      *rapëdahna       		*rapëdëissa
      *rapëdëihna
      elative *rapëdasta *rapëdëista
      illative *rapëdasën *rapëdëisën
      adessive *rapëdalla *rapëdëilla
      ablative *rapëdalta *rapëdëilta
      allative *rapëdalën
      *rapëdalëk       		*rapëdëilën
      *rapëdëilëk
      essive *rapëdana *rapëdëina
      translative *rapëdaksi *rapëdëiksi
      instructive *rapëdan *rapëdëin
      comitative *rapëdanëk *rapëdëinëk
      abessive *rapëdatta *rapëdëitta
      Descendants
      • Estonian: rabe
      • Finnish: (dialectal) rapea
      • Karelian:
        • North Karelian: rapie
        • South Karelian: rabie
      • → Proto-Samic: *rāpëtē (see there for further descendants)

      From *ravëda:

      • Karelian:
      • Livvi: ravei
      • Ludian: raved

      References

      1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*rapëda¹”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)
      2. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*rapëda²”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

      Further reading

      • “rabe”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
      • Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “rapea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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