Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/puuttudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Unknown.
Verb
*puuttudak (stem *puuttu-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *puuttudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *puut'un | *puut'uin | — | *puuttugon |
| 2nd sing. | *puut'ut | *puut'uit | *puut'uk | *puuttugos |
| 3rd sing. | *puuttubi *puuttu |
*puuttui | *puuttugasën | *puuttugosën |
| 1st plur. | *puut'ukma | *puuttuima | *puuttugatëma | *puuttugotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *puut'ukta | *puuttuida | *puuttugata | *puuttugotta |
| 3rd plur. | *puuttubat *puuttu |
*puuttui | *puuttugasën | *puuttugosën |
| passive | *puut'uksën *puut'ut'aksën |
*puuttudisën *puut'uttisën |
*puuttudakahën *puut'uttakahën |
*puuttudakohën *puut'uttakohën |
| connegative | *puut'uk | — | *puuttugak | *puuttugok |
| passive connegative | *puut'uktak | — | *puuttudagak *puut'uttagak |
*puuttudagok *puut'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *puut'ukcin | *puuttuicin | *puuttunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *puut'ukcit | *puuttuicit | *puuttunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *puut'ukci | *puuttuici | *puuttuni | |
| 1st plur. | *puut'ukcima | *puuttuicima | *puuttunëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *puut'ukcita | *puuttuicita | *puuttunëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *puut'ukci | *puuttuici | *puuttuni | |
| passive | *puuttudakcihën *puut'ut'akcihën |
*puuttudicihën *puut'utticihën |
*puuttudanëhën *puut'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *puut'ukcik | *puuttuicik | *puuttunëk | |
| passive connegative | *puuttudakcik *puut'ut'akcik |
*puuttudicik *puut'utticik |
*puuttudanëk *puut'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *puuttudak | present | *puuttuba | *puuttudapa *puut'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *puuttudë- | past | *puuttunut | *puuttudu *puut'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *puuttuma | negative | *puuttumat'oin | |
| action noun | *puuttuminën | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- Estonian: puutuma
- Finnish: puuttua
- Ingrian: puuttua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: puuttuo
- South Karelian: puuttuo
- Livonian: pūtõ
- Livvi: puuttuo
- Ludian: puuttuda
- Veps: putta
- Võro: putma
- Votic: puuttua
References
Further reading
- “puutuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “puuttua1”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Etymology 2
Unknown.
The variation *-tt- ~ *-t-, with irregular distributions no less, seems to demonstrate a significant impact from folk etymology, where the root has been associated with either *puuttudak (“to catch onto”) or *puutudak (“to go numb”), and it is not clear which is original. The *-tt- could very well be primary, in which case the influence from *puutudak (“to go numb”) is evident in senses like “to weaken, go weak” found in some descendants. On the other hand, the verb could also derive from figurative uses of that verb, giving a sense development like “to go numb” → “to go weak, weaken” → “to run out” → “to be missing”.
SSA proposes that this verb would derive from *puuttudak (“to catch onto, get caught”) through the semantic shift “to get caught” → “to get caught in the bottom of a body of water (of a net, etc.)” → “to be lost, be a loss” → “to be missing”.
Verb
*puuttudak (stem *puuttu-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *puuttudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *puut'un | *puut'uin | — | *puuttugon |
| 2nd sing. | *puut'ut | *puut'uit | *puut'uk | *puuttugos |
| 3rd sing. | *puuttubi *puuttu |
*puuttui | *puuttugasën | *puuttugosën |
| 1st plur. | *puut'ukma | *puuttuima | *puuttugatëma | *puuttugotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *puut'ukta | *puuttuida | *puuttugata | *puuttugotta |
| 3rd plur. | *puuttubat *puuttu |
*puuttui | *puuttugasën | *puuttugosën |
| passive | *puut'uksën *puut'ut'aksën |
*puuttudisën *puut'uttisën |
*puuttudakahën *puut'uttakahën |
*puuttudakohën *puut'uttakohën |
| connegative | *puut'uk | — | *puuttugak | *puuttugok |
| passive connegative | *puut'uktak | — | *puuttudagak *puut'uttagak |
*puuttudagok *puut'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *puut'ukcin | *puuttuicin | *puuttunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *puut'ukcit | *puuttuicit | *puuttunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *puut'ukci | *puuttuici | *puuttuni | |
| 1st plur. | *puut'ukcima | *puuttuicima | *puuttunëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *puut'ukcita | *puuttuicita | *puuttunëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *puut'ukci | *puuttuici | *puuttuni | |
| passive | *puuttudakcihën *puut'ut'akcihën |
*puuttudicihën *puut'utticihën |
*puuttudanëhën *puut'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *puut'ukcik | *puuttuicik | *puuttunëk | |
| passive connegative | *puuttudakcik *puut'ut'akcik |
*puuttudicik *puut'utticik |
*puuttudanëk *puut'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *puuttudak | present | *puuttuba | *puuttudapa *puut'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *puuttudë- | past | *puuttunut | *puuttudu *puut'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *puuttuma | negative | *puuttumat'oin | |
| action noun | *puuttuminën | |||
Descendants
From *puuttudak:
From *puutudak:
- Estonian: puuduma
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: puutuo
- South Karelian: puuduo
- Võro: puuduma
References
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*puu(t)tu-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “puuduma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “puuttua2”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][4] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN