Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/peeni

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, as once proposed, is not possible due to semantic and phonetic issues (it, however, was probably borrowed into Finnic as *pëëna).

Adjective

*peeni[1]

  1. little, small
  2. fine, thin

Reconstruction notes

Descendants of this word mean “little, small” in Northern Finnic (Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Livvi, Ludian, Veps), while they mean “fine, thin” in Estonian, Livonian and Võro; both of these are found in Votic. It is not known which of these two senses is primary.

Inflection

Inflection of *peeni
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *peeni *peenet
accusative *peenen *peenet
genitive *peenen *peenden
*peeniden
partitive *peentä *peenidä
inessive *peenessä
*peenehnä 		*peenissä
*peenihnä
elative *peenestä *peenistä
illative *peenehen *peenihen
adessive *peenellä *peenillä
ablative *peeneltä *peeniltä
allative *peenelen
*peenelek 		*peenilen
*peenilek
essive *peennä *peeninä
translative *peeneksi *peeniksi
instructive *peenen *peenin
comitative *peennek *peeninek
abessive *peenettä *peenittä

Descendants

  • Estonian: peen
  • Finnish: pieni
  • Ingrian: peeni, peen
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: pien (Salaca), ⇒ pīentõ, pīenti
  • Livvi: pieni
  • Ludian: pienʹ
  • Veps: penʹ
  • ⇒ Võro: pi̬i̬nü
  • Votic: peeni
  • →⇒ Old Novgorodian: Пинега (Pinega) (+ *juka (“small river; waterfall”))

References

  1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*peeni”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “pieni”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • “peen”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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