Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/noustak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown.
Verb
*noustak (stem *nousë-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *noustak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *nousën | *nousin | — | *nouskon |
| 2nd sing. | *nousët | *nousit | *nousëk | *nouskos |
| 3rd sing. | *nousëbi *nousi |
*nousi | *nouskahën | *nouskohën |
| 1st plur. | *nousëkma | *nousima | *nouskadëma | *nouskodëma |
| 2nd plur. | *nousëkta | *nousida | *nouskada | *nouskotta |
| 3rd plur. | *nousëbat *nousi |
*nousi | *nouskahën | *nouskohën |
| passive | *nousëksën *nousët'aksën |
*noustihën *nousëttisën |
*noustagasën *nousëttakahën |
*noustagosën *nousëttakohën |
| connegative | *nousëk | — | *nouskak | *nouskok |
| passive connegative | *nousëktak | — | *noustagak *nousëttagak |
*noustagok *nousëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *nousëkcin | *nousicin | *noussën | |
| 2nd sing. | *nousëkcit | *nousicit | *noussët | |
| 3rd sing. | *nousëkci | *nousici | *noussi | |
| 1st plur. | *nousëkcima | *nousicima | *noussëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *nousëkcita | *nousicita | *noussëda | |
| 3rd plur. | *nousëkci | *nousici | *noussi | |
| passive | *noustakcisën *nousët'akcihën |
*nousticisën *nousëtticihën |
*noustanësën *nousëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *nousëkcik | *nousicik | *noussëk | |
| passive connegative | *noustakcik *nousët'akcik |
*nousticik *nousëtticik |
*noustanëk *nousëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *noustak | present | *nousëba | *noustaba *nousëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *noustë- | past | *noussut | *noustu *nousëttu |
| gerund/supine | *nousëma | negative | *nousëmat'oin | |
| action noun | *nousëminën | |||
Derived terms
- *nostadak
- *nousu
Descendants
- Estonian: tõusma/tõusta (with irregular change of initial *n > *t)
- Finnish: nousta
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: noussa, (dialectal) nošša
- South Karelian: noušša, (dialectal) noussa, nošša
- Livvi: nousta
- Ludian: nousta
- Veps: nousta
From *nostak (short vowel by analogy with *nostadak?):
- Ludian: nosta
- Võro: nõsõma/nõstaq
From *noistak:
From ? *nuustak:
- Livonian: nūzõ
References
Further reading
- “tõusma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012