Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/nockudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *nocka (“flexible”) + *-udak.
Verb
*nockudak (stem *nocku-)
Inflection
Inflection of *nockudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *nockun | *nockuin | — | *nockugon |
| 2nd sing. | *nockut | *nockuit | *nockuk | *nockugos |
| 3rd sing. | *nockubi *nocku |
*nockui | *nockugasën | *nockugosën |
| 1st plur. | *nockukma | *nockuima | *nockugatëma | *nockugotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *nockukta | *nockuida | *nockugata | *nockugotta |
| 3rd plur. | *nockubat *nocku |
*nockui | *nockugasën | *nockugosën |
| passive | *nockuksën *nockut'aksën |
*nockudisën *nockuttisën |
*nockudakahën *nockuttakahën |
*nockudakohën *nockuttakohën |
| connegative | *nockuk | — | *nockugak | *nockugok |
| passive connegative | *nockuktak | — | *nockudagak *nockuttagak |
*nockudagok *nockuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *nockukcin | *nockuicin | *nockunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *nockukcit | *nockuicit | *nockunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *nockukci | *nockuici | *nockuni | |
| 1st plur. | *nockukcima | *nockuicima | *nockunëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *nockukcita | *nockuicita | *nockunëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *nockukci | *nockuici | *nockuni | |
| passive | *nockudakcihën *nockut'akcihën |
*nockudicihën *nockutticihën |
*nockudanëhën *nockuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *nockukcik | *nockuicik | *nockunëk | |
| passive connegative | *nockudakcik *nockut'akcik |
*nockudicik *nockutticik |
*nockudanëk *nockuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *nockudak | present | *nockuba | *nockudapa *nockuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *nockudë- | past | *nockunut | *nockudu *nockuttu |
| gerund/supine | *nockuma | negative | *nockumat'oin | |
| action noun | *nockuminën | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: nõtkuma/nõtkuda
- Finnish: notkua
- Ingrian: notkua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: notkuo
- South Karelian: notkuo
- Livonian: nõtkõ
- Livvi: notkuo
- Votic: nõtkua
Further reading
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “notkua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN