Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/loksudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
According to SSA and EES, onomatopoeic[1][2] + *-udak.
Verb
*loksudak (stem *loksu-)[3]
Inflection
Inflection of *loksudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *loksun | *loksuin | — | *loksugon |
| 2nd sing. | *loksut | *loksuit | *loksuk | *loksugos |
| 3rd sing. | *loksubi *loksu |
*loksui | *loksugasën | *loksugosën |
| 1st plur. | *loksukma | *loksuima | *loksugatëma | *loksugotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *loksukta | *loksuida | *loksugata | *loksugotta |
| 3rd plur. | *loksubat *loksu |
*loksui | *loksugasën | *loksugosën |
| passive | *loksuksën *loksut'aksën |
*loksudisën *loksuttisën |
*loksudakahën *loksuttakahën |
*loksudakohën *loksuttakohën |
| connegative | *loksuk | — | *loksugak | *loksugok |
| passive connegative | *loksuktak | — | *loksudagak *loksuttagak |
*loksudagok *loksuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *loksukcin | *loksuicin | *loksunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *loksukcit | *loksuicit | *loksunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *loksukci | *loksuici | *loksuni | |
| 1st plur. | *loksukcima | *loksuicima | *loksunëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *loksukcita | *loksuicita | *loksunëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *loksukci | *loksuici | *loksuni | |
| passive | *loksudakcihën *loksut'akcihën |
*loksudicihën *loksutticihën |
*loksudanëhën *loksuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *loksukcik | *loksuicik | *loksunëk | |
| passive connegative | *loksudakcik *loksut'akcik |
*loksudicik *loksutticik |
*loksudanëk *loksuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *loksudak | present | *loksuba | *loksudapa *loksuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *loksudë- | past | *loksunut | *loksudu *loksuttu |
| gerund/supine | *loksuma | negative | *loksumat'oin | |
| action noun | *loksuminën | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: loksuma/loksuda
- Finnish: loksua
- Ingrian: ⇒ loksuttaa
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: (dialectal) lokšuo
- Livonian: ⇒ loks, klõkšõ
- Võro: loksma
References
- ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “loksua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ “loksuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*loksu-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)