Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/loiccëdak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably a *-icce- derivative of either *loodak (“to cast, throw”) or *loo- (“at, to”) (compare Finnish luote, derived from *loottadak, which itself perhaps from *loo-).
Verb
*loiccëdak (stem *loiccë-) (Northern Finnic)
Inflection
Inflection of *loiccëdak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *loic'ën | *loic'in | — | *loiccëgon |
| 2nd sing. | *loic'ët | *loic'it | *loic'ëk | *loiccëgos |
| 3rd sing. | *loiccëbi *loicci |
*loicci | *loiccëgasën | *loiccëgosën |
| 1st plur. | *loic'ëkma | *loiccima | *loiccëgatëma | *loiccëgotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *loic'ëkta | *loiccida | *loiccëgata | *loiccëgotta |
| 3rd plur. | *loiccëbat *loicci |
*loicci | *loiccëgasën | *loiccëgosën |
| passive | *loic'ëksën *loic'ët'aksën |
*loiccëdisën *loic'ëttisën |
*loiccëdakahën *loic'ëttakahën |
*loiccëdakohën *loic'ëttakohën |
| connegative | *loic'ëk | — | *loiccëgak | *loiccëgok |
| passive connegative | *loic'ëktak | — | *loiccëdagak *loic'ëttagak |
*loiccëdagok *loic'ëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *loic'ëkcin | *loiccicin | *loiccënën | |
| 2nd sing. | *loic'ëkcit | *loiccicit | *loiccënët | |
| 3rd sing. | *loic'ëkci | *loiccici | *loiccëni | |
| 1st plur. | *loic'ëkcima | *loiccicima | *loiccënëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *loic'ëkcita | *loiccicita | *loiccënëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *loic'ëkci | *loiccici | *loiccëni | |
| passive | *loiccëdakcihën *loic'ët'akcihën |
*loiccëdicihën *loic'ëtticihën |
*loiccëdanëhën *loic'ëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *loic'ëkcik | *loiccicik | *loiccënëk | |
| passive connegative | *loiccëdakcik *loic'ët'akcik |
*loiccëdicik *loic'ëtticik |
*loiccëdanëk *loic'ëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *loiccëdak | present | *loiccëba | *loiccëdapa *loic'ëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *loiccëdë- | past | *loiccënut | *loiccëdu *loic'ëttu |
| gerund/supine | *loiccëma | negative | *loiccëmat'oin | |
| action noun | *loiccëminën | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: loitsea, loita (archaic), ⇒ loitsia, loihtia
- → Estonian: loitsima
- Karelian: loittšie
- Veps: loita (“to pray”)
Further reading
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “loitsia”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN