Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lakci

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *lakti (compare Proto-Samic *luoktë), borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare e.g. Lithuanian lanktis (“bow, arc; niddy-noddy”), Latvian lanktis (“reel, swift”)).^[1]^[2]^[3] The semantic development is evidently referring to the curved shape of such bodies of water.

Noun

*lakci^[4]

bay, gulf

Inflection

Inflection of *lakci

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*lakci	*laktët
accusative	*laktën	*laktët
genitive	*laktën	laktën lakcidën
partitive	*lakta	*lakcida
inessive	laktëssa laktëhna	lakcissa lakcihna
elative	*laktësta	*lakcista
illative	*laktëhën	*lakcihën
adessive	*laktëlla	*lakcilla
ablative	*laktëlta	*lakcilta
allative	laktëlën laktëlëk	lakcilën lakcilëk
essive	*laktëna	*lakcina
translative	*laktëksi	*lakciksi
instructive	*laktën	*lakcin
comitative	*laktënëk	*lakcinëk
abessive	*laktëtta	*lakcitta

Descendants

Most descendants have -ht- in the nominative form, but this must be analogical, due to the word being mostly used in inflected forms. Swedish lax, common in placenames in Finland, preserves the Old Finnish form.

Estonian: laht
- → Võro: laht'
Finnish: lahti, (dialectal) laksi
- → Swedish: -lax (in toponyms)
Ingrian: lahti, (obsolete) laksi
Karelian:
- North Karelian: lakši
- South Karelian: (dialectal) lakši
Livvi: lahti
Ludian: laht
Veps: laht
Votic: lahti
→ Russian: (dialectal, Northern Russia) лахта (laxta) (from a Finnic substrate)
→ Russian: (in toponyms) -лохта (-loxta) (in toponyms in Northern Russia, particularly in Belozersk area and along rivers Mezen and Pinega)

References

^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ “laht”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
^ Junttila, Santeri. The prehistoric context of the oldest contacts between Baltic and Finnic languages. SUST 266 (2012)
^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*lakci”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1] Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] “laht”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

[3] Junttila, Santeri. The prehistoric context of the oldest contacts between Baltic and Finnic languages. SUST 266 (2012)

[4] Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*lakci”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]