Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koski

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Uralic *kośke.

    Noun

    *koski[1]

    1. a continuous series of relatively small waterfalls in a stream, rapid
      Synonym: *juka
    Inflection
    Inflection of *koski
    Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
    singular plural
    nominative *koski *koskët
    accusative *koskën *koskët
    genitive *koskën *koskëdën
    *koskidën
    partitive *koskëda *koskida
    inessive *koskëssa
    *koskëhna     		*koskissa
    *koskihna
    elative *koskësta *koskista
    illative *koskëhën *koskihën
    adessive *koskëlla *koskilla
    ablative *koskëlta *koskilta
    allative *koskëlën
    *koskëlëk     		*koskilën
    *koskilëk
    essive *koskëna *koskina
    translative *koskëksi *koskiksi
    instructive *koskën *koskin
    comitative *koskënëk *koskinëk
    abessive *koskëtta *koskitta
    Descendants
    • Estonian: kosk
    • Finnish: koski
    • Karelian:
      • North Karelian: koški
      • South Karelian: koski
    • Livvi: koski
    • Ludian: kosk
    • Veps: kosk

    References

    1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*koski¹”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[1] (in Finnish)

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Hungarian hárs.

      Noun

      *koski[1]

      1. spruce bark, thick bark
      Inflection
      Inflection of *koski
      Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
      singular plural
      nominative *koski *koskët
      accusative *koskën *koskët
      genitive *koskën *koskëdën
      *koskidën
      partitive *koskëda *koskida
      inessive *koskëssa
      *koskëhna       		*koskissa
      *koskihna
      elative *koskësta *koskista
      illative *koskëhën *koskihën
      adessive *koskëlla *koskilla
      ablative *koskëlta *koskilta
      allative *koskëlën
      *koskëlëk       		*koskilën
      *koskilëk
      essive *koskëna *koskina
      translative *koskëksi *koskiksi
      instructive *koskën *koskin
      comitative *koskënëk *koskinëk
      abessive *koskëtta *koskitta
      Descendants

      From *koski:

      From *kosku-:

      • Finnish: (dialectal) koskut, kosku, koskus
      • Ingrian: kosut
      • Karelian:
        • North Karelian: košus
        • South Karelian: koššus, koskut
      • Livvi: koskud
      • Ludian: koskud
      • ⇒ Veps: koskhaine
      • Votic: (Mati) kõsku

      References

      1. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*koski²”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[2] (in Finnish)

      Further reading

      • Entry #350 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
      • Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “kosku”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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