Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/külpedäk
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pülke- / *pilke- with metathesis from *pülke- to *külpe-, in which case cognate with Komi-Zyrian пывсьыны (pyvśyny), Udmurt пыласькыны (pylaśkyny), Eastern Khanty [script needed] (pöγəl-) and Eastern Mansi [script needed] (päγl-), all having the meaning "to bathe".
Alternatively, an old derivation from the same root as *külmä (“cold”), perhaps originally meaning "to cool oneself with cold water after sauna".[1]
Verb
*külpedäk (stem *külpe-)[2]
- to bathe
- to swim, take a dip (to get into the water briefly)
Inflection
Inflection of *külpedäk
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *külben | *külbin | — | *külpegon |
| 2nd sing. | *külbet | *külbit | *külbek | *külpegos |
| 3rd sing. | *külpebi *külpi |
*külpi | *külpegäsen | *külpegosen |
| 1st plur. | *külbekmä | *külpimä | *külpegätemä | *külpegotemä |
| 2nd plur. | *külbektä | *külpidä | *külpegätä | *külpegottä |
| 3rd plur. | *külpebät *külpi |
*külpi | *külpegäsen | *külpegosen |
| passive | *külbeksen *külbet'äksen |
*külpedisen *külbettisen |
*külpedäkähen *külbettäkähen |
*külpedäkohen *külbettäkohen |
| connegative | *külbek | — | *külpegäk | *külpegok |
| passive connegative | *külbektäk | — | *külpedägäk *külbettägäk |
*külpedägok *külbettägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *külbekcin | *külpicin | *külpenen | |
| 2nd sing. | *külbekcit | *külpicit | *külpenet | |
| 3rd sing. | *külbekci | *külpici | *külpeni | |
| 1st plur. | *külbekcimä | *külpicimä | *külpenemä | |
| 2nd plur. | *külbekcitä | *külpicitä | *külpenetä | |
| 3rd plur. | *külbekci | *külpici | *külpeni | |
| passive | *külpedäkcihen *külbet'äkcihen |
*külpedicihen *külbetticihen |
*külpedänehen *külbettänehen | |
| connegative | *külbekcik | *külpicik | *külpenek | |
| passive connegative | *külpedäkcik *külbet'äkcik |
*külpedicik *külbetticik |
*külpedänek *külbettänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *külpedäk | present | *külpebä | *külpedäpä *külbettäpä |
| infinitive 2 | *külpede- | past | *külpenüt | *külpedü *külbettü |
| gerund/supine | *külpemä | negative | *külpemät'oin | |
| action noun | *külpeminen | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Finnish: kylpeä
- Ingrian: kylpiä
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kylpie
- South Karelian: kylbie
- Livonian: gilbõ, gilgõ
- Livvi: kylbie
- Ludian: külbeda
- Veps: külʹpta
- Votic: tšülpiä (Lempola), ⇒ tšülpesse, ⇒ (Mati, Pummala) tšülvetä
References
- ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “kylpeä”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 17 October 2025
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*külpe-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)