Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joutadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly a Baltic borrowing (compare Latvian jāudat), if the original meaning was rather "to be able to".[1]
Verb
*joutadak (stem *jouta-)[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *joutadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *joudan | *joudëin | — | *joutagon |
| 2nd sing. | *joudat | *joudëit | *joudak | *joutagos |
| 3rd sing. | *joutabi *jouta |
*joutëi | *joutagasën | *joutagosën |
| 1st plur. | *joudakma | *joutëima | *joutagatëma | *joutagotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *joudakta | *joutëida | *joutagata | *joutagotta |
| 3rd plur. | *joutabat *jouta |
*joutëi | *joutagasën | *joutagosën |
| passive | *joudaksën *joudat'aksën |
*joutadisën *joudattisën |
*joutadakahën *joudattakahën |
*joutadakohën *joudattakohën |
| connegative | *joudak | — | *joutagak | *joutagok |
| passive connegative | *joudaktak | — | *joutadagak *joudattagak |
*joutadagok *joudattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *joudakcin | *joutëicin | *joutanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *joudakcit | *joutëicit | *joutanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *joudakci | *joutëici | *joutani | |
| 1st plur. | *joudakcima | *joutëicima | *joutanëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *joudakcita | *joutëicita | *joutanëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *joudakci | *joutëici | *joutani | |
| passive | *joutadakcihën *joudat'akcihën |
*joutadicihën *joudatticihën |
*joutadanëhën *joudattanëhën | |
| connegative | *joudakcik | *joutëicik | *joutanëk | |
| passive connegative | *joutadakcik *joudat'akcik |
*joutadicik *joudatticik |
*joutadanëk *joudattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *joutadak | present | *joutaba | *joutadapa *joudattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *joutadë- | past | *joutanut | *joutadu *joudattu |
| gerund/supine | *joutama | negative | *joutamat'oin | |
| action noun | *joutaminën | |||
Derived terms
- *joutudak
Descendants
- Estonian: jõudma/jõuda
- Finnish: joutaa
- Ingrian: joutaa
- Karelian: joutoa
- >? Livonian: joudõ (with later influence from Latvian, if not borrowed from it)
- Livvi: joudua
- ⇒ Veps: joudai (< *jouta-ja)
- Võro: joudma/joudaq, jõudma/jõudaq
References
- ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “joutaa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 1 January 2024
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*jouta-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)