Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jalka
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *jalka.[1] Cognate with Proto-Samic *juolkē, Erzya ялго (jalgo), Hungarian gyalog.
Noun
*jalka[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *jalka
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *jalka | *jalgat | |
| accusative | *jalgan | *jalgat | |
| genitive | *jalgan | *jalkadën *jalkoidën | |
| partitive | *jalkada | *jalkoida | |
| inessive | *jalgassa *jalgahna |
*jalgoissa *jalgoihna | |
| elative | *jalgasta | *jalgoista | |
| illative | *jalkahën | *jalkoihën | |
| adessive | *jalgalla | *jalgoilla | |
| ablative | *jalgalta | *jalgoilta | |
| allative | *jalkalën *jalkalëk |
*jalkoilën *jalkoilëk | |
| essive | *jalkana | *jalkoina | |
| translative | *jalgaksi | *jalgoiksi | |
| instructive | *jalgan | *jalgoin | |
| comitative | *jalkanëk | *jalkoinëk | |
| abessive | *jalgatta | *jalgoitta | |
Derived terms
- *jalgas (“runner”)
- *jalkaicin (“on foot”)
Descendants
- Estonian: jalg
- Finnish: jalka
- Ingrian: jalka
- Karelian:
- Livonian: jālga
- Livvi: jalgu
- Ludian: dʹalg
- Veps: jaug
- Võro: jalg
- Votic: jalkõ
References
- ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “jalka”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 4 August 2025
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*jalka”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN