Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Seemingly from earlier *šalpa; either borrowed from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”), or alternatively from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ (compare Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo)).
Adjective
*halpa[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *halpa
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *halpa | *halbat | |
| accusative | *halban | *halbat | |
| genitive | *halban | *halpadën *halpoidën | |
| partitive | *halpada | *halpoida | |
| inessive | *halbassa *halbahna |
*halboissa *halboihna | |
| elative | *halbasta | *halboista | |
| illative | *halpahën | *halpoihën | |
| adessive | *halballa | *halboilla | |
| ablative | *halbalta | *halboilta | |
| allative | *halpalën *halpalëk |
*halpoilën *halpoilëk | |
| essive | *halpana | *halpoina | |
| translative | *halbaksi | *halboiksi | |
| instructive | *halban | *halboin | |
| comitative | *halpanëk | *halpoinëk | |
| abessive | *halbatta | *halboitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: halb (“bad”)
- → Livonian: alu (Salaca)
- Finnish: halpa
- Ingrian: halva
- Võro: halv
- Votic: (Kattila) alpõ
- →? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- “halb”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN