Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-gik

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

  • *-kik (after many consonants)

Etymology

Apparently from *-ka +‎ *-ik.

Particle

*-gik

  1. too, also, as well, in addition; a clitic emphasizing that someone or something also belongs to a group

Reconstruction notes

  • Most descendants have levelled the still productive form of the clitic into the strong grade.

Descendants

  • Estonian: -gi
  • Finnish: -kin (-in in relics like jotain ~ jotakin; final -n unclear, possibly analogous to another particle)
  • Ingrian: -ki
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: -ki
    • South Karelian: -gi
  • Livvi: -gi
  • Ludian: -gi
  • Veps: -gi
  • Võro: -giq
  • Votic: -tši

Further reading

  • Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
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