Reconstruction:Proto-Cushitic/ham-

This Proto-Cushitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cushitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ḥam- (“to be hot, burnt”).

Root

*ham-

  1. darkness

Alternative reconstructions

  • *him-

Descendants

  • North Cushitic:
    • Beja: himni, hemni
  • East Cushitic:
    • Hadiyya: hiimo (“night”), heem- (“black”)
    • Baiso: hemen (“night”)
    • >? Proto-Somaloid: *hibéèn, *hameen (see there for further descendants)
  • South Cushitic:
    • >? Iraqw: hhaantee (“darkness”), haam, hamee (“sweat”)

References

  • Ehret, Christopher (1987), “Proto-Cushitic Reconstruction”, in Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, volume 8, pages 7–180
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