Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/stamus

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Usually taken as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

*stamus m

  1. standing

Reconstruction notes

  • Whether the Brittonic terms belong here is controversial. Schrijver[1] and Lucht[2] assign the Brittonic terms here, while Elsie,[2] Schumacher, and Gordon[3] do not and instead relate them to Old Irish sab (“support, pole”).

Inflection

The stem class goes unspecified in all sources. However, it can be reasonably deduced to be a u-stem (or a predecessor o-stem) given how many other Celtic derivatives of *steh₂- are suffixed with *-mus.

Masculine/feminine u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *stamus *stamū *stamowes
vocative *stamu *stamū *stamūs
accusative *stamum *stamū *stamuns
genitive *stamous *stamous *stamowom
dative *stamou *stamubom *stamubos
locative *? *? *?
instrumental *stamū *stamubim *stamubis

Descendants

  • ⇒? Proto-Brythonic: stab-
    • Old Breton: sab
      • Middle Breton: seuel/seuell
    • Middle Cornish: seuel/syuel
    • Middle Welsh: sefyll
  • ⇒ Old Irish: samaigid (“to set”)
    • Middle Irish: samaigid

References

  1. ^ Peter C. H. Schrijver (1995), Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam; Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, page 420.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lucht, Martina (2007), Der Grundwortschatz des Altirischen‎[1] (in German), Bonn: Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, page 365
  3. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012), Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 412
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