Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/samos

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sāmos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥h₂-ó-s, from *semh₂- (“warm season, summer”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, Armenian ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Khotanese [script needed] (hamana-, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “season, year”), Tocharian A ṣme.

Noun

*samos m

summer

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*samos	*samou	*samoi
vocative	*same	*samou	*samoi
accusative	*samom	*samou	*samons
genitive	*samī	*samous	*samom
dative	*samūi	*samobom	*samobos
locative	*samei	*?	*?
instrumental	*samū	*samobim	*samūis

Derived terms

*samonyos
*medyo-samīno- (“midsummer, June”)
- Proto-Brythonic:
  - Middle Breton: mezeuen
    - Breton: Mezheven
  - Middle Cornish: Metheven
    - Cornish: Metheven
  - Welsh: Mehefin
- Old Irish: mithem
  - Irish: Meitheamh

Descendants

Brythonic: *haβ̃
- Old Breton: ham
  - Middle Breton: haff
    - Breton: hañv
- Old Cornish: haf
  - Cornish: hav
- Old Welsh: ham
  - Middle Welsh: haf
    - Welsh: haf
Old Irish: sam
Gaulish: samo-

See also

Seasons in Proto-Celtic · *amsterās (layout · text) · category
*wesrakos (“spring”)	*samos (“summer”)	*wogamur (“autumn”)	*gyemos (“winter”)

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*samo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 321
Celtic Lexicon - University of Wales