Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ne

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

*ne

  1. not

Derived terms

  • *nīs(t) (“is not”) (from *ne esti; in Insular Celtic coming to mean simply ‘not’)
    • Proto-Brythonic: *ni
      • Old Breton: ne
        • Middle Breton: ne
          • Breton: ne
      • Cornish: ny
      • Old Welsh: ni
    • Old Irish: ní, níi

Descendants

  • Celtiberian: ne
  • Old Irish: na, ná (with vowel lengthened)

Further reading

  • Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
  • Kortlandt, Frederik (1998) "Three notes on the Old Irish verb" in Études celtiques 34.1, pages 143-146
  • Schrijver, Peter (1997) Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; 2), Maynooth: St. Patrick's College, Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, p. 158
  • Jordán Cólera, Carlos (1998) Introducción al celtibérico (Monografías de filología griega; 10), Zaragoza: Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Area de Filología Griega, Universidad de Zaragoza, →ISBN, p. 103
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