Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸiɸoike

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out”).^[1]

Verb

*ɸiɸoike

did, made

Inflection

Suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoika
2nd singular	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoikas?
3rd singular	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoike
1st plural	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoikmo
2nd plural	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoixte
3rd plural	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoikars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	?
3rd singular	?	?	?
1st plural	?	?	?
2nd plural	?	?	?
3rd plural	?	?	?
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	?	—	?	*ɸiɸoikra
2nd singular	?	—	?	*ɸiɸoikras?
3rd singular	?	?	?	*ɸiɸoikre
1st plural	?	—	?	?
2nd plural	?	—	?	?
3rd plural	?	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸixtos	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtoi
vocative	*ɸixte	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtoi
accusative	*ɸixtom	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtons
genitive	*ɸixtī	*ɸixtous	*ɸixtom
dative	*ɸixtūi	*ɸixtobom	*ɸixtobos
instrumental	*ɸixtū	*ɸixtobim	*ɸixtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸixtā	*ɸixtai	*ɸixtās
vocative	*ɸixtā	*ɸixtai	*ɸixtās
accusative	*ɸixtam	*ɸixtai	*ɸixtans
genitive	*ɸixtās	*ɸixtous	*ɸixtom
dative	*ɸixtai	*ɸixtābom	*ɸixtābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸixtābim	*ɸixtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸixtom	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtā
vocative	*ɸixtom	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtā
accusative	*ɸixtom	*ɸixtou	*ɸixtā
genitive	*ɸixtī	*ɸixtous	*ɸixtom
dative	*ɸixtūi	*ɸixtobom	*ɸixtobos
instrumental	*ɸixtū	*ɸixtobim	*ɸixtobis

Derived terms

*uɸorɸiɸoike (+ *uɸor-)
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwrʉk
  - Middle Cornish: gruk (preterite of gwruthyl)
  - Middle Welsh: goruc (preterite of gwneuthur), gorwyth (alternative preterite derived from the past participle)
- ⇒ *disuɸorɸiɸoike (+ *dis-)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *dɨswrʉk
    - Middle Cornish: dyswruk (preterite of diswruthyl)
- ⇒ *ambiuɸorɸiɸoike (+ *ambi-)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *ėmwrʉk
    - Middle Cornish: ymwruk (3sg.pret. of omwul)

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, pages 519-521

[1] Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, pages 519-521

[1]