Reconstruction:Proto-Berber/a-ʔḱal

This Proto-Berber entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Berber

Etymology

    From Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Egyptian ꜣkr[1] and Proto-Chadic *kal (“field”)[2]. Unrelated to Proto-Semitic *ḥaḳl- (“field”).

    Noun

    *a-ʔḱal m (plural *i-ʔḱall-ăn, construct state *wă-ʔḱal, plural construct state *yə-ʔḱall-ăn)

    1. earth, land

    Descendants

    • Northern Berber:
      • Kabyle: akal
      • Atlas:
      • Zenati:
    • Eastern Berber:
      • Ghadames: ókăl
      • Awjila: ašal (“village, country”)
      • Siwi: šal (“country, land”)
    • Tuareg: ăkal
    • Western Berber:
      • Zenaga: aʔkäy (/⁠aʔkay⁠/)
      • Tetserret: ekel

    References

    • Marijn van Putten (2019), “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica (in Spanish), Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 277, 278
    1. ^ Takács, Gábor (1999), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 68, →ISBN
    2. ^ Olga Stolbova (2016), Этимологический словарь чадских языков [Etymological dictionary of the Chadic languages]‎[1], Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 203
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