Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/qaCay

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *cɤɰᴬ (“heart; breath”), whence Thai ใจ (jai).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔat͡saj/, /qat͡saj/

Noun

*qaCay

liver (organ of the body)

Descendants

Formosan (geographic)
- East Formosan
  - Amis: 'atay
  - Sakizaya: atay
- Tsouic
  - Saaroa: 'aci'i
- Bunun: hataz
- Rukai: athai
- Puyuma: atay
- Paiwan: 'acay / qacay
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *qatay
- East Barito:
  - Malagasy: aty
- North Bornean:
  - Proto-North Sarawak:
    - Bakung: atai
    - Central Melanau: atai
    - Sebop: atai
- Proto-Philippine:
  - Central Bikol: katoy
  - Cebuano: atay
  - Hiligaynon: atay
  - Iranun: atai
  - Kagayanen: atay
  - Kapampangan: ate
  - Maguindanao: hatay
  - Tagakaulu Kalagan: atay
  - Tagalog: atay
  - Waray-Waray: atay
  - Yami: atay
- Sama-Bajaw:
  - West Coast Bajau: atei
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qatay
  - Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qatay
    - Proto-Oceanic: *qate
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        Fijian: yate, ate
        Proto-Polynesian: *qate
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Hawaiian: ake
        Māori: ate
        Rapa Nui: ate
        → Äiwoo: teaate (with prefix te-)
        Proto-Micronesian: *ate
        Nuclear Micronesian:
        Marshallese: aj (“liver, spleen”)
        Kosraean: acs (“liver, his liver”)
        Gilbertese: ato
        Chuukic-Pohnpeic:
        Proto-Chuukic: *yate
        Chuukese: yááyá
        Puluwat: yááyá
        Carolinian: ásel (“his liver”)
        Satawalese: yááyáán (“his liver”)
        Ulithian-Woleaian:
        Woleaian: yaase
        Echangese:
        Sonsorolese: yaade
        Pohnpeic:
        Pohnpeian: eh (“his liver”)
        Mokilese: oaj (“liver, his liver”)
  - Tetum: aten
- Proto-Bungku-Tolaki:
  - Mori Bawah: ate
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Malayic: *hati
      - Iban: ati
      - Brunei Malay: ati
      - Malay: hati
        > Indonesian: hati (inherited)
      - Urak Lawoi': ฮาตี (hati)
  - Sundanese: ᮃᮒᮤ (ati)
- Muna-Buton:
  - Cia-Cia: 하떼 (hate)
- Old Javanese: hati
  - Javanese: ꦲꦠꦶ (ati)

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qaCay”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI