Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Sabaʀat

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sabaʀat/, /sabarat/

Noun

*Sabaʀat

east or south wind

Usage notes

In Formosa, this term refers to the western wind or eastern wind and in Malayo-Polynesian, the term evolved to refer the southeast monsoon, where it is still present on some of its Southeast Asian descendants. But the Polynesians and its descendants, due to lack of presence of monsoons or directional winds in general, shifted the meaning to refer to its closest association with monsoons, which is storms or hurricanes.

Descendants

East Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - Kavalan: balat, sbalat (“east wind”)
- Ami
  - Amis: safalat (“south wind”)
Tsouic
- Southern Tsouic
  - Saaroa: varatʉ (“wind”)
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *habaʀat (“southwest monsoon”)
- Proto-Philippine: *habaʀat
  - Batanic
    - Ivatan: avayat, havayat
    - Ibatan: abayat
  - Northern Luzon
    - Northeastern Luzon
      - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: abagat
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: habagat
        → Kapampangan: abagat
        → Ilocano: abagat
      - Bikol
        Central Bikol: habagat
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: habagat
        Central Visayan
        Peripheral Visayan
        Hiligaynon: bagatnan
        Western Visayan
        Aklanon: habagat
        Southern Visayan
        Tausug: habagat
    - South Mangyan
      - Hanunoo: abagat
    - Danao
      - Maranao: abagat
    - Manobo
      - Agusan Manobo: haba'gat
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: evaɣat
    - Palawanic
      - Aborlan Tagbanwa: abagát
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow: wagat
  - South Mindanao
    - Tiruray: barat
- Greater Barito
  - East Barito
    - Paku: barat (“wind”)
    - Ma'anyan: barat
    - Malagasy: avaratra (“north”)
  - West Barito
    - Ngaju: barat
    - Bakumpai: barat
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Batak
    - Karo Batak: barat
    - Toba Batak: barat
  - Mentawai: barä
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Proto-Chamic: *barat
    - Acehnese: barat
  - Proto-Malayic: *barat
    - Ibanic
      - Iban: barat
    - Malayan
      - Malay: barat
        > Indonesian: barat (inherited)
        → Central Melanau: barat
        → West Coast Bajau: barat
      - Minangkabau: baraik
    - Urak Lawoi': บารัยจ (barac)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Sasak: barat
    - Sumbawa: barat (“rainy season”)
  - Sundanese: barat
- Old Javanese:
  - Javanese: barat
- South Sulawesi
  - Makasar: bara'
  - Tae': bara'
- Celebic
  - Wotu–Wolio
    - Wolio: bara
- Palauan: ngebard
- Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Central Malayo-Polynesian
    - Sumba–Flores
      - Sumba–Hawu
        Sabu: wa
        Kambera: waratu
      - Western Flores
        Manggarai: warat
        Rembong: warat
        Ngadha: vara
    - Timoric
      - Rote–Meto
        Bilba: fak
      - Wetar–Galoli
        Ili'uun: harak
      - Luangic
        Leti: warta
    - Selaru
      - Selaru: harat
    - Kei–Tanimbar
      - Yamdena: barat
      - Kei: warat
    - Aru
      - Dobel: fara
    - Central Maluku
      - West Central Maluku
        Buru (Indonesia): fahat
      - East Central Maluku
        Asilulu: halat
        Kamarian: halat
  - Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
      - Halmahera Sea
        Buli (Indonesia): pāt
      - Cenderawasih Bay
        Biak: barek
    - Proto-Oceanic: *apaʀat
      - Admiralty Islands
        East
        Ere: ahay
        Likum: yahay
        West
        Wuvulu-Aua: afaa
      - St. Matthias
        Mussau-Emira: apae
      - Western Oceanic
        Meso-Melanesian
        Madak: avat
        Uneapa: lavarata
        North New Guinea
        Gitua: yavara
        Kairiru: yavar
        Manam: awara
        Papuan Tip
        Central Papuan Tip
        Kalo: avala
        Keapara: yabara
        Motu: lahara
        Kilivila-Masima
        Kilivila: yavata
        Nuclear Papuan Tip
        Molima: yavalata
        Tawala: yawalata
        → Mailu: avara
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic
        Central Pacific
        Western Fijian: cavā
        Fijian: cavā
        Proto-Polynesian: *afa (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Descendants

Further reading