Reconstruction:Latin/fortiare
Latin
Etymology
From Late Latin fortia (“violence, force”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /forˈt͡sʲare/
Verb
*fortiō (present infinitive *fortiāre, perfect active *fortiāvī, supine *fortiātum); first conjugation (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)
Reconstruction notes
3SG */ˈfɔrt͡sʲat/ > Italian fòrza, Spanish fuerza.
Conjugation
Italo-Western Romance conjugation of *fortiō
| infinitive | *fǫrtiárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *fǫrtiántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *fǫrtiándọ | ||||||
| past participle | *fǫrtiátọ | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *fǫ́rtiọ | *fǫ́rtias | *fǫ́rtiat | *fǫrtiámọs | *fǫrtiátẹs | *fǫ́rtiant |
| imperfect | *fǫrtiávã | *fǫrtiávas | *fǫrtiávat | *fǫrtiavámọs | *fǫrtiavátẹs | *fǫrtiávant | |
| perfect | *fǫrtiái | *fǫrtiásti | *fǫrtẹáút | *fǫrtiámmọs | *fǫrtiástẹs | *fǫrtiárọnt | |
| pluperfect | *fǫrtiárã | *fǫrtiáras | *fǫrtiárat | *fǫrtiarámọs | *fǫrtiarátẹs | *fǫrtiárant | |
| future perfect | *fǫrtiárẽ | *fǫrtiárẹs | *fǫrtiárẹt | *fǫrtiárẹmọs | *fǫrtiárẹtẹs | *fǫrtiárẹnt | |
| future | *fǫrtiárę áviọ | *fǫrtiárę ávẹs | *fǫrtiárę ávęt | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́mọs | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́tẹs | *fǫrtiárę ávęnt | |
| conditional | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́vã | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́vas | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́vat | *fǫrtiárę avẹvámọs | *fǫrtiárę avẹvátẹs | *fǫrtiárę avẹ́vant | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *áviọ fǫrtiátọ | *ávẹs fǫrtiátọ | *ávęt fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́mọs fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́tẹs fǫrtiátọ | *ávęnt fǫrtiátọ |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́vas fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́vat fǫrtiátọ | *avẹvámọ fǫrtiátọ | *avẹvátẹs fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́vant fǫrtiátọ | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę áviọ fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávẹs fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęt fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mọs fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs fǫrtiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęnt fǫrtiátọ | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *fǫ́rtẹẽ | *fǫ́rtẹẹs | *fǫ́rtẹęt | *fǫrtẹẹ́mọs | *fǫrtẹẹ́tẹs | *fǫ́rtẹęnt | |
| imperfect | *fǫrtiárẽ | *fǫrtiárẹs | *fǫrtiáręt | *fǫrtiarẹ́mọs | *fǫrtiarẹ́tẹs | *fǫrtiáręnt | |
| pluperfect | *fǫrtiássẽ | *fǫrtiássẹs | *fǫrtiássęt | *fǫrtiassẹ́mọs | *fǫrtiassẹ́tẹs | *fǫrtiássęnt | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| — | second | — | — | second | — | ||
| present | — | *fǫ́rtia | — | — | *fǫrtiátę | — | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “*fortiare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 729