-endus
Latin
Etymology
Possibly inherited from Proto-Italic *-ēntnos / *-entnos, see -undus. As with the present participle ending -ēns, -ent-, the vocalism with -en- for gerundives of third-conjugation verbs is based on generalization of a PIE zero-grade *-n̥-. For second-conjugation verbs, -end- instead represents stem-final vowel -ē- + -nd- with regular shortening of a vowel before the cluster -nd-; compare 1st-conjugation -andus.
Cognates include Umbrian *-𐌄𐌍𐌔 (*-ens) (as attested in 𐌀𐌍𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓 (anferener, genitive singular gerundive)).
Suffix
-endus
- ending of the future passive participle (gerundive) of second-, third- and fourth-conjugation verbs
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | -endus | -enda | -endum | -endī | -endae | -enda | |
| genitive | -endī | -endae | -endī | -endōrum | -endārum | -endōrum | |
| dative | -endō | -endae | -endō | -endīs | |||
| accusative | -endum | -endam | -endum | -endōs | -endās | -enda | |
| ablative | -endō | -endā | -endō | -endīs | |||
| vocative | -ende | -enda | -endum | -endī | -endae | -enda | |