-DZIL
Navajo
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan *dzəl (“to be solid, firm, thick”). Compare also Navajo dziil (“strength”) and dził (“mountain”).
Root
-DZIL
1. to make an effort, to strain
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion |
S is straining, makes an effort
|
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| d |
S is straining
|
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ł | operative |
S stiffens
|
|||||
| ł | adjectival |
S is strong, firm, able to endure P
|
|||||
| ∅ | adjectival |
S is strong
|
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -dzííł | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dzííł |
| Continuative | -dzil | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dzil |
| Durative | -dził | -dzil | -dził | -dził | -dził |
| Neuter | -dzil | — | — | — | — |
| Neuter | -dziil | — | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.