-ਪ

Inherited from Sanskrit -त्व (-tva). The shift of /t/ and /d/ to a bilabial place of articulation when adjacent to bilabial consonants is common in Indo-Aryan languages, see ਬਾਰਾਂ (bārā̃) and بالݨا (bālṇā) for similar sound changes.

-ਪ • (-pa)

1. Forms masculine abstract nouns from adjectives and other nouns: -ity, -ness, -hood, -ship, etc.

   Synonym: -ਪੁਣਾ (-puṇā), -ਪੁਣ (-puṇ), -ਪਣ (-paṇ), -ਪਾ (-pā), -ਤਾ (-tā)

Nouns derived using this suffix generally denote such things as state, quality, condition or occupation.

‎ਸਿਆਣਾ (siāṇā, “wise”) + ‎-ਪ (-pa) → ‎ਸਿਆਣਪ (siāṇap, “wisdom”)

‎ਸੋਹਣਾ (sohṇā, “beautiful, attractive”) + ‎-ਪ (-pa) → ‎ਸੁਹਣਪ (suhṇap, “beauty”)