𑀯𑀼𑀠

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás

Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀠

From Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddhá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás.

Adjective

𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha /vuḍḍha/)^[1]^[2]

old, aged

Alternative forms

Attested at Dhauli and Jaugada.

Dialectal forms of 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (“aged”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀯𑀼𑀥 (vudha)	𑀯𑀼𑀥 /vuddha/ (vudha)
East	Dhauli	𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha)	𑀯𑀼𑀠 /vuḍḍha/ (vuḍha)
East	Jaugada	𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha)	𑀯𑀼𑀠 /vuḍḍha/ (vuḍha)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨬𐨂𐨝 (vuḍha)	𐨬𐨂𐨝 /vuḍḍha/ (vuḍha)
Northwest	Mansehra	𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪 (vadhra)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (“aged”)
𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha) (2) 𑀯𑀼𑀥 (vudha) (1) 𐨬𐨂𐨝 (vuḍha) (1) 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪 (vadhra) (1)

Descendants

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha), 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vuddha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: बूढ़ा (būṛhā)
    Urdu: بُوڑھا (būṛhā)
  - Romani: phuro
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Assamese: বুঢ়া (burha)
  - Middle Bengali: বুঢ়া (buṛha)
    - Bengali: বুড়ো (buṛō)
  - Sylheti: ꠛꠥꠠꠣ (buṛa)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: बूढ (būḍh)
    - Maithili: बूढ (būṛh)
  - Odia: ବୁଢ଼ା (buṛhā), ବୁଢା (buḍhā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Garhwali: बुड्ड्या (buḍḍyā)
  - Kumaoni: बुड्ढो (buḍḍho), बुढो (buḍho)
  - Nepali: बुढो (buḍho), बूढो (būḍho)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬੁੱਢਾ (buḍḍhā)
    Shahmukhi script: بُڈّھا (buḍḍhā)
    - → Hindustani:
      Hindi: बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā)
      Urdu: بُڈّھا (buḍḍhā)
  - Sindhi:
    Devanagari script: बुढो (buḍho)
    Arabic script: بُڍو (buḍho)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: વડું (vaḍũ)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vr̥ddhá2”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
^ Bryan Levman (2010), “Aśokan Phonology and the Language of the Earliest Buddhist Tradition”, in Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies‎^[1], pages 57-86