𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃

Parthian

Etymology

From 𐫟𐫀𐫡 (xʾr /⁠xār⁠/, “thorns, spikes”) +‎ *𐫤𐫀𐫃 (*tʾg /⁠tāg⁠/, “crown”).^[1] The second component is from Old Iranian *tāga-, often taken to be ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). However, others such as Liden and Rix have instead considered a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)togʷʰ-o-s, from *stegʷʰ- (“to enlace”), whence Ancient Greek στέφω (stéphō, “to encircle, crown”).^[2]

Noun

𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 • (xʾrtʾg /xārtāg/) (Manichaean)

crown of thorns

Descendants

Via unattested *𐫤𐫀𐫃 (*tʾg /⁠tāg⁠/, “crown”):

→ Aramaic: תָּגָא (taga)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܬܵܓ݂ܵܐ (tāḡā)
- Old Armenian: թագ (tʻag)
→ Arabic: تَاج (tāj) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 363b
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “στέφω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1403

[1] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004), A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 363b

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “στέφω, -ομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1403

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