외력

Korean

Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 外力, from 外 (“outer”) + 力 (“force”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈwe̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [ˈø̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)력/외(ː)력]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	oeryeok
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	oelyeog
McCune–Reischauer^?	oeryŏk
Yale Romanization^?	ōylyek

Noun

외력 • (oeryeok) (hanja 外力)

external force
Coordinate term: 내력(內力) (naeryeok, “internal force”)

외력을 가하다 ― oeryeog-eul gahada ― to exert external force
- 1952 September 27, “迷信(미신)과 虛禮(허례)를 打破(타파)하자”, in The Dong-a Ilbo:
  自(자)力(력)으로 繁(번)營(영)을 勞(노)作(작)할 決(결)心(심)과 意(의)志(지)와 決(결)斷(단)性(성)이 없이 外(외)力(력)에 依(의)存(존)하는 것 은 自(자)滅(멸)을 招(초)來(래)할 뿐 이다.
  To rely on an external force without the determination and will and resolution to strive for prosperity by one's own strength will only bring about self-destruction.
- 2021 May 30, “생후 한달도 안 된 아들 죽어가는데 신고 머뭇거린 친모 [saenghu handaldo an doen adeul jugeoganeunde sin'go meomutgeorin chinmo]”, in yna.co.kr‎^[1], Yonhap News Agency:
  "머리 전체 여기저기 에 출혈 이 있는데 발생 시기 가 다르다"며 "머리 에 대단히 큰 외력이 가해진 것 으로 판단된다"고 밝혔다.
  Meori jeonche yeogijeogi-e chulhyeor-i inneunde balsaeng sigi-ga dareuda-myeo meori-e daedanhi keun oeryeog-i gahaejin geos-euro pandandoenda-go balkyeotda.
  [He] stated that "there are hemorrhages here and there all over the head, inflicted at different times," and that "it appears that very formidable external force was exerted on the head."