열없다
Korean
Etymology
From 얼 (eol, “soul, spirit”) + 없다 (eopda, “without”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈjɘ(ː)ɾʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)럽따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeoreopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeol'eobsda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yŏrŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | yēl.epsta |
Adjective
열없다 • (yeoreopda) (infinitive 열없어, sequential 열없으니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 열없다 (yeoreopda): consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 열없다 yeoreopda |
열없어 yeoreopseo |
열없어요 yeoreopseoyo |
열없습니다 yeoreopseumnida |
| Past | 열없었다 yeoreopseotda |
열없었어 yeoreopseosseo |
열없었어요 yeoreopseosseoyo |
열없었습니다 yeoreopseotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 열없느냐 yeoreomneunya |
열없어 yeoreopseo |
열없어요 yeoreopseoyo |
열없습니까 yeoreopseumnikka |
| Past | 열없었느냐 yeoreopseonneunya |
열없었어 yeoreopseosseo |
열없었어요 yeoreopseosseoyo |
열없었습니까 yeoreopseotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 열없겠다 yeoreopgetda |
열없겠어 yeoreopgesseo |
열없겠어요 yeoreopgesseoyo |
열없겠습니다 yeoreopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 열없어 yeoreopseo |
열없어서 yeoreopseoseo |
열없으니 yeoreopseuni |
열없으니까 yeoreopseunikka | |
| Contrast | 열없지만 yeoreopjiman |
열없는데 yeoreomneunde |
열없더니 yeoreopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 열없고 yeoreopgo |
||||
| Condition | 열없으면 yeoreopseumyeon |
열없어야 yeoreopseoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 열없음 yeoreopseum |
열없기 yeoreopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 열없었음 yeoreopseosseum |
열없었기 yeoreopseotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 열없는 yeoreomneun | |||
| Future | 열없을 yeoreopseul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 열없으시다 yeoreopseusida |
열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo |
열없으세요, 열없으셔요 yeoreopseuseyo, yeoreopseusyeoyo |
열없으십니다 yeoreopseusimnida |
| Past | 열없으셨다 yeoreopseusyeotda |
열없으셨어 yeoreopseusyeosseo |
열없으셨어요 yeoreopseusyeosseoyo |
열없으셨습니다 yeoreopseusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 열없으시냐 yeoreopseusinya |
열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo |
열없으세요, 열없으셔요 yeoreopseuseyo, yeoreopseusyeoyo |
열없으십니까 yeoreopseusimnikka |
| Past | 열없으셨느냐 yeoreopseusyeonneunya |
열없으셨어 yeoreopseusyeosseo |
열없으셨어요 yeoreopseusyeosseoyo |
열없으셨습니까 yeoreopseusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 열없으시겠다 yeoreopseusigetda |
열없으시겠어 yeoreopseusigesseo |
열없으시겠어요 yeoreopseusigesseoyo |
열없으시겠습니다 yeoreopseusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo |
열없으셔서 yeoreopseusyeoseo |
열없으시니 yeoreopseusini |
열없으시니까 yeoreopseusinikka | |
| Contrast | 열없으시지만 yeoreopseusijiman |
열없으신데 yeoreopseusinde |
열없으시더니 yeoreopseusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 열없으시고 yeoreopseusigo |
||||
| Condition | 열없으시면 yeoreopseusimyeon |
열없으셔야 yeoreopseusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 열없으심 yeoreopseusim |
열없으시기 yeoreopseusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 열없으셨음 yeoreopseusyeosseum |
열없으셨기 yeoreopseusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 열없으신 yeoreopseusin | |||
| Future | 열없으실 yeoreopseusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 열없쟁이 (yeoreopjaeng'i, “coward”)