쏘다

Korean

Etymology

First attested as Late Old Korean 活索 in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사)^[1], 1103. 活 means bow (활 (hwal)).

From Middle Korean ᄡᅩ다〮 (pswòtá). Also attested as 쏘다〮 (Yale: sswò-tá), 소다〮 (Yale: swò-tá).

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as 쏘다〮 (Yale: sswò-tá). Also attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as the future determiner form ᄡᅩᆯ (Yale: pswòl).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈs͈o̞(ː)da̠]
Phonetic hangul: [쏘(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	ssoda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	ssoda
McCune–Reischauer^?	ssoda
Yale Romanization^?	ssōta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	쏘다 (ssoda)
Passive	쏘이다 (ssoida)

쏘다 • (ssoda) (infinitive 쏴 or 쏘아, sequential 쏘니)

(transitive) to shoot, to fire (a gun, cannon, arrow, etc.)
총 을 쏘다
chon-g'eul ssoda
to shoot a gun

활 을 쏘다
hwar-eul ssoda
to shoot an arrow
- 2005, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, 5th Republic, episode 1, spoken by Kim Jae-gyu (Kim Hyung-il):
  나는 야수 의 심정 으로 유신 의 심장 을 쏘았다.
  Naneun yasu-ui simjeon-g'euro yusin-ui simjan-g'eul sso-at-da.
  I shot the heart of rejuvenation (Park Chung-hee) with a beast's feeling.
(transitive, of an insect) to sting
(transitive, informal) to treat, to pay (for someone's drink or meal)
Synonyms: 사다 (sada), 내다 (naeda)

내 가 쏠게! ― nae-ga ssolge! ― It's my treat!

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 쏘다 (ssoda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쏜다 ssonda	쏴 sswa	쏴요, 쏘아요 sswayo, ssoayo	쏩니다 ssomnida
Indicative	Past	쐈다 sswatda	쐈어 sswasseo	쐈어요 sswasseoyo	쐈습니다 sswatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쏘느냐 ssoneunya	쏴 sswa	쏴요, 쏘아요 sswayo, ssoayo	쏩니까 ssomnikka
Interrogative	Past	쐈느냐 sswanneunya	쐈어 sswasseo	쐈어요 sswasseoyo	쐈습니까 sswatseumnikka
Hortative		쏘자 ssoja	쏴 sswa	쏴요, 쏘아요 sswayo, ssoayo	쏘십시다 ssosipsida
Imperative		쏴라, 쏘아라 sswara, ssoara	쏴 sswa	쏴요, 쏘아요 sswayo, ssoayo	쏩시오 ssopsio
Assertive		쏘겠다 ssogetda	쏘겠어 ssogesseo	쏘겠어요 ssogesseoyo	쏘겠습니다 ssogetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쏴 sswa	쏴서, 쏘아서 sswaseo, ssoaseo	쏘니 ssoni	쏘니까 ssonikka
Contrast		쏘지만 ssojiman	쏘는데 ssoneunde	쏘더니 ssodeoni
Conjunction		쏘고 ssogo
Condition		쏘면 ssomyeon	쏴야, 쏘아야 sswaya, ssoaya
Motive		쏘려고 ssoryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		쏨 ssom	쏘기 ssogi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쐈음, 쏘았음 sswasseum, ssoasseum	쐈기, 쏘았기 sswatgi, ssoatgi
Determiners	Past	쏜 sson
	Present	쏘는 ssoneun
	Future	쏠 ssol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	쏘신다 ssosinda	쏘셔 ssosyeo	쏘세요, 쏘셔요 ssoseyo, ssosyeoyo	쏘십니다 ssosimnida
Indicative	Past	쏘셨다 ssosyeotda	쏘셨어 ssosyeosseo	쏘셨어요 ssosyeosseoyo	쏘셨습니다 ssosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	쏘시느냐 ssosineunya	쏘셔 ssosyeo	쏘세요, 쏘셔요 ssoseyo, ssosyeoyo	쏘십니까 ssosimnikka
Interrogative	Past	쏘셨느냐 ssosyeonneunya	쏘셨어 ssosyeosseo	쏘셨어요 ssosyeosseoyo	쏘셨습니까 ssosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		쏘시라 ssosira	쏘셔 ssosyeo	쏘세요 ssoseyo	쏘십시오 ssosipsio
Assertive		쏘시겠다 ssosigetda	쏘시겠어 ssosigesseo	쏘시겠어요 ssosigesseoyo	쏘시겠습니다 ssosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		쏘셔 ssosyeo	쏘셔서 ssosyeoseo	쏘시니 ssosini	쏘시니까 ssosinikka
Contrast		쏘시지만 ssosijiman	쏘시는데 ssosineunde	쏘시더니 ssosideoni
Conjunction		쏘시고 ssosigo
Condition		쏘시면 ssosimyeon	쏘셔야 ssosyeoya
Motive		쏘시려고 ssosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		쏘심 ssosim	쏘시기 ssosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쏘셨음 ssosyeosseum	쏘셨기 ssosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	쏘신 ssosin
	Present	쏘시는 ssosineun
	Future	쏘실 ssosil

Derived terms

내쏘다 (naessoda)
되쏘다 (doessoda)
쏘아보다 (ssoaboda, “to shoot daggers”)
쏘아붙이다 (ssoabuchida)