낙
| ||||||||||
| 나낙낚낛난낝낞 낟날낡낢낣낤낥 낦낧남납낪낫났 낭낮낯낰낱낲낳 | |
| 끼 ← | → 내 |
|---|---|
Early Modern Korean
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nak̚]
Etymology 1
Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).
Noun
낙 (nak) (hanja 樂)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”). Luoyang was the capital of many ancient Chinese empires, whence the figurative use.
Noun
낙 (nak) (hanja 洛)
- (figurative) any capital city, especially Seoul
- 1772, 의유당/意幽堂 (Uiyu-dang), “동명일기/東溟日記 (Dongmyeong'ilgi)”, in 의유당관북유람일기/意幽堂關北遊覽日記 (Uiyu-dang Gwanbuk yuram ilgi):
- 긔튝년 팔월의 낙을 ᄯᅥ나 구월 초ᄉᆡᆼ의 함흥으로 오니 다 니ᄅᆞ기ᄅᆞᆯ 일월츌이 보암ᄌᆞᆨ다 하ᄃᆡ […]
- Kuythywuk-nyen pal-wuel-uy nak-ul stena kwu wuel chwosoyng-uy Hamhung-ulwo woni ta niloki-lol ilwuelchywul-i pwoamcok-ta hatoy […]
- We departed Seoul on the eighth month of the gichuk year [1769], and in the early days of the ninth month, we arrived at Hamhung, where everybody says that the sunrise and the moonrise are well worth seeing […]
Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [낙]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nak |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nag |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nak |
| Yale Romanization? | nak |
Etymology 1
Sino-Korean word from 樂 (“joy, happiness”).
Noun
| South Korean Standard Language |
낙(樂) (nak) |
|---|---|
| North Korean Standard Language |
락(樂) (rak) |
낙 • (nak) (hanja 樂)
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 樂 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙 (樂, nak).
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”).
Proper noun
| South Korean Standard Language |
낙(洛) (Nak) |
|---|---|
| North Korean Standard Language |
락(洛) (Rak) |
낙 • (Nak) (hanja 洛)
- (rare) synonym of 낙수(洛水) (“the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)
- (rare) synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (“Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 洛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙 (洛, nak).
Etymology 3
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák).
Syllable
낙 • (nak)
Etymology 4
Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. From Middle Korean 낙〮 (Yale: nák) or 락 (Yale: lák). When preceded by another character in a compound, they take the 락 (rak) form.
In the North Korean standard (and in the speech of Koreans in China, who use the Northern standard), these characters are always read as 락 (rak). However, this is the result of an artificial standardization of Sino-Korean readings. Before the establishment of North Korea, most dialects of Korean read the characters as 낙 (nak) in isolation and initial position, due to a phonological restriction against having word-initial [r-].
Syllable
낙 • (nak)
References
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo). [1]