과거
Korean
Etymology 1
Sino-Korean word from 過去, from 過 (“passing”) + 去 (“going”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwageo |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwageo |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwagŏ |
| Yale Romanization? | kwāke |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 과거의 / 과거에 / 과거까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, and also heightens the subsequent suffixed syllable.
Noun
과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 過去)
- the past
- one's past
- (grammar) past tense
Synonyms
- 지난날 (jinannal)
Derived terms
- 과거 분사(過去分詞) (gwageo bunsa)
- 과거 생생(過去生生) (gwageo saengsaeng)
- 과거 완료(過去完了) (gwageo wallyo)
- 과거 지향(過去指向) (gwageo jihyang)
- 과거 진행(過去進行) (gwageo jinhaeng)
- 과거로(過去路) (gwageoro)
- 과거사(過去事) (gwageosa)
- 과거사(過去詞) (gwageosa)
- 과거세(過去世) (gwageose)
- 과거시제(過去時制) (gwageosije)
- 과거장(過去帳) (gwageojang)
- 과거지사(過去之事) (gwageojisa)
- 과거형(過去形) (gwageohyeong)
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 科擧. The "measles" sense comes from a euphemistic reference to the civil service examination as an ordeal as difficult as measles.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ɡʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [과거]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwageo |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwageo |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwagŏ |
| Yale Romanization? | kwake |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 과거의 / 과거에 / 과거까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.
Noun
과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 科擧)
- (historical) civil service examination (to select officials in dynastic China, Korea, and Vietnam)
- (Gyeongsang, euphemistic) measles
- Synonym: 홍역(紅疫) (hong'yeok)
Derived terms
- 과거 제도(科擧制度) (gwageo jedo)
- 과거지보(科擧之寶) (gwageojibo)
Etymology 3
Sino-Korean word from 寡居
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwageo |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwageo |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwagŏ |
| Yale Romanization? | kwāke |
Noun
과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 寡居)
Etymology 4
Sino-Korean word from 過擧
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwageo |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwageo |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwagŏ |
| Yale Romanization? | kwāke |
Noun
과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 過擧)