고즈넉하다
Korean
Etymology
고즈넉 (gojeuneok) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞d͡ʑɯnʌ̹kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [고즈너카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gojeuneokhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gojeuneoghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kojŭnŏkhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kocunek.hata |
Adjective
고즈넉하다 • (gojeuneokhada) (infinitive 고즈넉해 or 고즈넉하여, sequential 고즈넉하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 고즈넉하다 (gojeuneokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 고즈넉하다 gojeuneokhada |
고즈넉해 gojeuneokhae |
고즈넉해요 gojeuneokhaeyo |
고즈넉합니다 gojeuneokhamnida |
| Past | 고즈넉했다 gojeuneokhaetda |
고즈넉했어 gojeuneokhaesseo |
고즈넉했어요 gojeuneokhaesseoyo |
고즈넉했습니다 gojeuneokhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 고즈넉하냐 gojeuneokhanya |
고즈넉해 gojeuneokhae |
고즈넉해요 gojeuneokhaeyo |
고즈넉합니까 gojeuneokhamnikka |
| Past | 고즈넉했느냐 gojeuneokhaenneunya |
고즈넉했어 gojeuneokhaesseo |
고즈넉했어요 gojeuneokhaesseoyo |
고즈넉했습니까 gojeuneokhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 고즈넉하겠다 gojeuneokhagetda |
고즈넉하겠어 gojeuneokhagesseo |
고즈넉하겠어요 gojeuneokhagesseoyo |
고즈넉하겠습니다 gojeuneokhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 고즈넉해 gojeuneokhae |
고즈넉해서, 고즈넉하여서 gojeuneokhaeseo, gojeuneokhayeoseo |
고즈넉하니 gojeuneokhani |
고즈넉하니까 gojeuneokhanikka | |
| Contrast | 고즈넉하지만 gojeuneokhajiman |
고즈넉한데 gojeuneokhande |
고즈넉하더니 gojeuneokhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 고즈넉하고 gojeuneokhago |
||||
| Condition | 고즈넉하면 gojeuneokhamyeon |
고즈넉해야, 고즈넉하여야 gojeuneokhaeya, gojeuneokhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 고즈넉함 gojeuneokham |
고즈넉하기 gojeuneokhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 고즈넉했음, 고즈넉하였음 gojeuneokhaesseum, gojeuneokhayeosseum |
고즈넉했기, 고즈넉하였기 gojeuneokhaetgi, gojeuneokhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 고즈넉한 gojeuneokhan | |||
| Future | 고즈넉할 gojeuneokhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 고즈넉하시다 gojeuneokhasida |
고즈넉하셔 gojeuneokhasyeo |
고즈넉하세요, 고즈넉하셔요 gojeuneokhaseyo, gojeuneokhasyeoyo |
고즈넉하십니다 gojeuneokhasimnida |
| Past | 고즈넉하셨다 gojeuneokhasyeotda |
고즈넉하셨어 gojeuneokhasyeosseo |
고즈넉하셨어요 gojeuneokhasyeosseoyo |
고즈넉하셨습니다 gojeuneokhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 고즈넉하시냐 gojeuneokhasinya |
고즈넉하셔 gojeuneokhasyeo |
고즈넉하세요, 고즈넉하셔요 gojeuneokhaseyo, gojeuneokhasyeoyo |
고즈넉하십니까 gojeuneokhasimnikka |
| Past | 고즈넉하셨느냐 gojeuneokhasyeonneunya |
고즈넉하셨어 gojeuneokhasyeosseo |
고즈넉하셨어요 gojeuneokhasyeosseoyo |
고즈넉하셨습니까 gojeuneokhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 고즈넉하시겠다 gojeuneokhasigetda |
고즈넉하시겠어 gojeuneokhasigesseo |
고즈넉하시겠어요 gojeuneokhasigesseoyo |
고즈넉하시겠습니다 gojeuneokhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 고즈넉하셔 gojeuneokhasyeo |
고즈넉하셔서 gojeuneokhasyeoseo |
고즈넉하시니 gojeuneokhasini |
고즈넉하시니까 gojeuneokhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 고즈넉하시지만 gojeuneokhasijiman |
고즈넉하신데 gojeuneokhasinde |
고즈넉하시더니 gojeuneokhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 고즈넉하시고 gojeuneokhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 고즈넉하시면 gojeuneokhasimyeon |
고즈넉하셔야 gojeuneokhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 고즈넉하심 gojeuneokhasim |
고즈넉하시기 gojeuneokhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 고즈넉하셨음 gojeuneokhasyeosseum |
고즈넉하셨기 gojeuneokhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 고즈넉하신 gojeuneokhasin | |||
| Future | 고즈넉하실 gojeuneokhasil | ||||