Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Related to ꜣbb (“to separate from”).
Verb
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to stop, to take a break [since Middle Kingdom literature]
- (transitive) to cease or stop [with infinitive or (in the Greco-Roman Period) r or m or n (+ infinitive) ‘doing something’]
- (transitive) to avoid
- (intransitive) to tarry or stay for a while [with ḥr ‘with someone’]
- (intransitive) to part with, to separate from [Late Period to Greco-Roman Period] [with r]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣb, geminated stem: ꜣbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣbw, ꜣb
|
ꜣbt
|
ꜣb, j.ꜣb
|
ꜣb, j.ꜣb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜣb
|
ḥr ꜣb
|
m ꜣb
|
r ꜣb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣb.n
|
ꜣbw, ꜣb
|
consecutive
|
ꜣb.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ꜣbt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜣb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ꜣb.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ꜣb, j.ꜣb1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣbb
|
potentialis1
|
ꜣb.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜣb, j.ꜣb1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜣb.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜣb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜣb
|
ꜣbb, ꜣbbj6, ꜣb2, ꜣbw2 5, ꜣby2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.ꜣb1, ꜣb, ꜣby, ꜣbw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.ꜣb1, j.ꜣbw1 5, ꜣb, ꜣbj6, ꜣby6
|
ꜣb, ꜣbw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜣb, ꜣbtj7
|
—
|
ꜣbtj4, ꜣbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣb
|
|
|
|
| ꜣb
|
ꜣbj
|
ꜣb
|
| [New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Likely related to ꜣbw (“elephant, ivory, tusk”).
Noun
m
- fingernail [Late Period]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣb (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣb
|
| dual
|
ꜣbwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbw
|
Descendants
- Demotic Egyptian: yb
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ (eib), ⲓⲉⲓⲃ (ieib)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃ (ieb), ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓϥ (if)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ (eib), ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲃ (eieib), ⲉⲓⲉⲃ (eieb)
References
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 6.2–6.8, 7.21
- Wilson, Penelope (1991), A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–9
- James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 272.
- Crum, Walter E. (1939), A Coptic Dictionary[2], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 76